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World J Gastroenterol. Jun 21, 2014; 20(23): 7277-7285
Published online Jun 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7277
Published online Jun 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7277
Gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: Incidence, etiology, clinical and therapeutical aspects
Monica Acalovschi, 3rd Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Author contributions: Acalovschi M solely contributed to this paper.
Correspondence to: Monica Acalovschi, Professor, 3rd Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Croitorilor No. 19-23, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania. acalovschi_monica@hotmail.com
Telephone: +40-264-433427 Fax: +40-264-431758
Received: October 26, 2013
Revised: January 19, 2014
Accepted: April 1, 2014
Published online: June 21, 2014
Revised: January 19, 2014
Accepted: April 1, 2014
Published online: June 21, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: Gallstones often occur in patients with liver cirrhosis. Their prevalence increases with age and with disease severity. In most cases, stones are of pigment type; in about 15% of cases, they are cholesterol stones. This review presents new data on pathogenesis and risk factors for gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis. An evidence-based approach to gallstones in these patients is described. Patients with liver cirrhosis and asymptomatic gallstones should be followed-up closely and offered laparoscopic cholecystectomy once symptoms develop. In patients with advanced liver disease, noninvasive or mini-invasive procedures should be used to treat the complications of gallstones.