MicroRNAs as tools to predict glucocorticoid response in inflammatory bowel diseases

Core Tip

Core tip: Studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) and pharmacogenomics represent a promising investigation topic that could increase the understanding of the pharmacology of steroids in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and possibly in other diseases. A number of studies have shown that glucocorticoids (GCs) can modify the expression profiles of different miRNAs, however, the obtained results have been highly variable, and to date it is not possible to recognize a specific miRNA pattern regulated by GCs. Moreover, existing studies employed techniques based on the use of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microarrays, through the analysis and quantification of already known miRNAs. Using next generation sequencing technologies, it could be possible to detect novel, still unrecognised miRNAs, and identify new miRNA isoforms (iso-miRs) as well. This innovative approach could be a valuable tool for a better understanding of the role of miRNAs to predict steroid response in IBDs. In the future, the increased availability and the reduced costs of RNA profiling should enable the clinicians to stratify patients on specific miRNA biomarkers before starting GC treatment.