Published online Jun 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i21.106057
Revised: March 29, 2025
Accepted: April 18, 2025
Published online: June 7, 2025
Processing time: 106 Days and 20.7 Hours
A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Indonesian population was recently published. The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression. Therefore, the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC. While acknowledging the strengths of the study, its limitations should also be addressed. Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.
Core Tip: A clinical study from a specific Indonesian population showed that the colonic mucosal microbial composition differs significantly between patients with and without colorectal cancer at the genus and species levels. The combination of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. The area under the curve for combined diagnosis was 0.786 (95% confidence interval: 0.671-0.900), with 82.8% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Although the study yielded significant reference results, it was relatively limited in sample size, disease staging, dietary factors, and functional studies of the differential microbiota. Future research should improve on these aspects.