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World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2022; 28(5): 502-516
Published online Feb 7, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i5.502
Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in 2021
Jose Maria Huguet, Luis Ferrer-Barceló, Patrícia Suárez, Eva Sanchez, Jose David Prieto, Victor Garcia, Javier Sempere
Jose Maria Huguet, Luis Ferrer-Barceló, Patrícia Suárez, Eva Sanchez, Jose David Prieto, Victor Garcia, Javier Sempere, Department of Digestive Disease, General University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia 46014, Spain
Author contributions: Huguet JM, Ferrer-Barceló L, Suárez P, Sanchez E, Prieto JD, García V and Sempere J contributed to the conception of the study, collected materials and wrote the manuscript; All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jose Maria Huguet, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Digestive Disease, General University Hospital of Valencia, Av Tres Cruces 2, Valencia 46014, Spain. josemahuguet@gmail.com
Received: March 18, 2021
Peer-review started: March 18, 2021
First decision: July 3, 2021
Revised: July 10, 2021
Accepted: January 17, 2022
Article in press: January 17, 2022
Published online: February 7, 2022
Abstract

The detection of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to be important given the increased risk of colorectal cancer in this population. Therefore, in 2017, we performed a review and update of the recommendations for the management and follow-up of patients with IBD based on the clinical practice guidelines of various scientific societies. The present manuscript focuses on new aspects of the detection, follow-up, and management of dysplasia according to the latest studies and recommendations. While chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy continues to be the technique of choice for the screening and detection of dysplasia in IBD, the associated difficulties mean that it is now being compared with other techniques (virtual chromoendoscopy), which yield similar results with less technical difficulties. Furthermore, the emergence of new endoscopy techniques that are still being researched but seem promising (e.g., confocal laser endomicroscopy and full-spectrum endoscopy), together with the development of devices that improve endoscopic visualization (e.g., Endocuff Vision), lead us to believe that these approaches can revolutionize the screening and follow-up of dysplasia in patients with IBD. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted to define the optimal follow-up strategy in this patient population.

Keywords: Colitis surveillance, Colitis screening, Chromoendoscopy, Colorectal cancer, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis

Core Tip: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at greater risk of colorectal cancer over time. Therefore, a series of recommendations has been made for the follow-up of this population. We carried out a review in which we set out the main new developments in the detection, follow-up, and management of dysplasia in patients with IBD in recent years.