Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2021; 27(1): 37-54
Published online Jan 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.37
Lipidome is lipids regulator in gastrointestinal tract and it is a life collar in COVID-19: A review
Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem
Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem, Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
Author contributions: Koriem KMM designed the review study, conceived of the manuscript, conducted the literature search and wrote the first and final versions of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author declares no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Khaled Mohamed Mohamed Koriem, PhD, Professor, Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt. kkoriem@yahoo.com
Received: November 16, 2020
Peer-review started: November 16, 2020
First decision: November 25, 2020
Revised: December 2, 2020
Accepted: December 17, 2020
Article in press: December 17, 2020
Published online: January 7, 2021
Abstract

The term lipidome is mentioned to the total amount of the lipids inside the biological cells. The lipid enters the human gastrointestinal tract through external source and internal source. The absorption pathway of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract has many ways; the 1st way, the lipid molecules are digested in the lumen before go through the enterocytes, digested products are re-esterified into complex lipid molecules. The 2nd way, the intracellular lipids are accumulated into lipoproteins (chylomicrons) which transport lipids throughout the whole body. The lipids are re-synthesis again inside the human body where the gastrointestinal lipids are: (1) Transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum; (2) Collected as lipoproteins such as chylomicrons; or (3) Stored as lipid droplets in the cytosol. The lipids play an important role in many stages of the viral replication cycle. The specific lipid change occurs during viral infection in advanced viral replication cycle. There are 47 lipids within 11 lipid classes were significantly disturbed after viral infection. The virus connects with blood-borne lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E to change viral infectivity. The viral interest is cholesterol- and lipid raft-dependent molecules. In conclusion, lipidome is important in gastrointestinal fat absorption and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection so lipidome is basic in gut metabolism and in COVID-19 infection success.

Keywords: Lipidome, Gastrointestinal tract, Fat metabolism, COVID-19, Viral infection, Future therapy

Core Tip: The lipidome is mentioned to the total amount of the lipids inside the biological cells. The lipid enters the human gastrointestinal tract through external source and internal source. The tissue distribution of lipid is completely different among different species. The lipids play an important role in many stages of the viral replication cycle. The specific lipid change occurs during viral infection. The virus connects with blood-borne lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E. The viral interest is cholesterol- and lipid raft-dependent molecules. This review focuses on the important of lipidome in both gastrointestinal fat absorption and coronavirus disease 2019 infection.