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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Proteomic profiling of fetal esophageal epithelium, esophageal cancer, and tumor-adjacent esophageal epithelium and immunohistochemical characterization of a representative differential protein, PRX6
Jun-Hui Guo, Guo-Lan Xing, Xin-Hui Fang, Hui-Fang Wu, Bo Zhang, Jin-Zhong Yu, Zong-Min Fan, Li-Dong Wang
Jun-Hui Guo, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Jun-Hui Guo, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Jun-Hui Guo, Bo Zhang, Jin-Zhong Yu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Guo-Lan Xing, Zong-Min Fan, Li-Dong Wang, Henan Key Lab For Esophageal Cancer Res, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
Xin-Hui Fang, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
Hui-Fang Wu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
Author contributions: Guo JH designed and performed the research and wrote the paper; Wang LD designed the research and supervised the report; Xing GL designed the research and contributed to the analysis; Fang XH and Wu HF provided clinical advice; Zhang B, Yu JZ and Fan ZM supervised the research.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Guangdong Provincial People’s Government of the Joint Natural Science Fund, U1301227; Major Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province, 161100311300.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine.
Informed consent statement: Fetal esophagus was obtained from Huixian and Huojia Family Planning Centers. Adult esophagus was obtained from Linzhou Central Hospital and Yaocun Esophageal Tumor Hospital of Henan Province. For full disclosure, the details of the study are published in the Journal of Zhengzhou University.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Li-Dong Wang, Professor, Henan Key Lab For Esophageal Cancer Res, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China. ldwang2007@126.com
Telephone: +86-371-66658335 Fax: +86-371-66658335
Received: September 20, 2016
Peer-review started: September 22, 2016
First decision: October 20, 2016
Revised: November 3, 2016
Accepted: December 8, 2016
Article in press: December 8, 2016
Published online: February 28, 2017
AIM
To understand the molecular mechanism of esophageal cancer development and provide molecular markers for screening high-risk populations and early diagnosis.
METHODS
Two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry were adopted to screen differentially expressed proteins in nine cases of fetal esophageal epithelium, eight cases of esophageal cancer, and eight cases of tumor-adjacent normal esophageal epithelium collected from fetuses of different gestational age, or esophageal cancer patients from a high-risk area of esophageal cancer in China. Immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex method) was used to detect the expression of peroxiredoxin (PRX)6 in 91 cases of esophageal cancer, tumor-adjacent normal esophageal tissue, basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ, as well as 65 cases of esophageal epithelium from fetuses at a gestational age of 3-9 mo.
RESULTS
After peptide mass fingerprint analysis and search of protein databases, 21 differential proteins were identified; some of which represent a protein isoform. Varying degrees of expression of PRX6 protein, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, were detected in adult and fetal normal esophageal tissues, precancerous lesions, and esophageal cancer. With the progression of esophageal lesions, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend (P < 0.05). In fetal epithelium from fetuses at gestational age 3-6 mo, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend with age (P < 0.05). PRX6 protein expression was significantly higher in well-differentiated esophageal cancer tissues than in poorly differentiated esophageal cancer tissues (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Development and progression of esophageal cancer result from interactions of genetic changes (accumulation or superposition). PRX6 protein is associated with fetal esophageal development and cancer differentiation.
Core tip: This was a retrospective study to identify 21 significantly differentially expressed proteins that may be related to the development and growth of fetal esophageal epithelium or the development and progression of esophageal cancer. Peroxiredoxin (PRX)6 protein was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, and detected in adult and fetal normal esophageal tissues, precancerous lesions, and esophageal cancer. With the progression of esophageal lesions, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend. In epithelium from fetuses at gestational age 3-6 mo, PRX6 expression showed a declining trend with age. PRX6 protein expression was significantly higher in well-differentiated than poorly differentiated esophageal cancer tissues. PRX6 protein is associated with fetal esophageal development and esophageal cancer differentiation.
