Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2017; 23(42): 7541-7550
Published online Nov 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i42.7541
Nuclear heat shock protein 110 expression is associated with poor prognosis and hyperthermo-chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis
Akiharu Kimura, Kyoichi Ogata, Bolag Altan, Takehiko Yokobori, Erito Mochiki, Mitsuhiro Yanai, Norimichi Kogure, Toru Yanoma, Masaki Suzuki, Tuya Bai, Hiroyuki Kuwano
Akiharu Kimura, Kyoichi Ogata, Bolag Altan, Takehiko Yokobori, Mitsuhiro Yanai, Norimichi Kogure, Toru Yanoma, Masaki Suzuki, Tuya Bai, and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
Bolag Altan, Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
Takehiko Yokobori, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
Erito Mochiki, Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-0844, Japan
Author contributions: Kimura A collected the data and wrote the initial draft; Ogata K and Kuwano H supervised the experiments; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee of Gunma University Hospital.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All animal studies were approved by the Gunma University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors have conflict of interests to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Akiharu Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. akimura@gunma-u.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-27-2208224 Fax: +81-27-2208230
Received: June 29, 2017
Peer-review started: June 30, 2017
First decision: July 27, 2017
Revised: September 8, 2017
Accepted: September 19, 2017
Article in press: September 19, 2017
Published online: November 14, 2017
Abstract
AIM

To investigate the significance of heat shock protein 110 (HSP110) in gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis undergoing hyperthermo-chemotherapy.

METHODS

Primary GC patients (n = 14) with peritoneal metastasis or positive peritoneal lavage cytology who underwent distal or total gastrectomy between April 2000 and December 2011 were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy using a Thermotron RF-8 heating device two weeks after surgery. We analyzed nuclear HSP110 expression in surgically resected tumors using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the effect of HSP110 suppression on hyptherthermo-chemosensitivity was assessed in vitro in the MKN45 GC cell line using the HSP inhibitor KNK437.

RESULTS

HSP110 immnohistochemical staining in 14 GC patients showed that five (35.7%) samples belonged to the low expression group, and nine (64.3%) samples belonged to the high expression group. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in the HSP110 high-expression group than in the low-expression group (P = 0.0313). However, no significant relationships were identified between HSP110 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Furthermore, high HSP110 expression was not an independent prognostic factor in GC patients with peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.0625). HSP110 expression in MKN45 cells was suppressed by KNK437 at the hyperthermic temperature of 43 °C in vitro. Comparison of MKN45 cell proliferation in the presence and absence of KNK437 at 43 °C, revealed that proliferation was significantly decreased when HSP110 was inhibited by KNK437. Additionally, HSP110 suppression via HSP inhibitor treatment increased cellular sensitivity to hyperthermo-chemotherapy in vitro.

CONCLUSION

The expression of nuclear HSP110 in GC patients might be a new marker of chemosensitivity and a therapeutic target for patients who are tolerant to existing hyperthermo-chemotherapies.

Keywords: Peritoneal metastasis, Hyperthermia, Hyperthermo-chemotherapy, Heat shock protein 110, Gastric cancer, Drug resistance

Core tip: Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. Peritoneal dissemination is the most common reason behind gastric cancer (GC) recurrence, and the median survival duration for patients with metastatic and recurrent GC is only 13-16 mo. In our department, we have used intraperitoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy in patients with advanced rectal cancer and GC with peritoneal metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the significance of heat shock protein 110 (HSP110) expression in GC patients with peritoneal metastasis and assessed the effects of HSP110 suppression on hyperthermo-chemotherapy sensitivity in vitro.