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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 7, 2013; 19(45): 8247-8251
Published online Dec 7, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i45.8247
Novel therapies for constipation
Sreedhari Thayalasekeran, Hani Ali, Her-Hsin Tsai
Sreedhari Thayalasekeran, Hani Ali, Her-Hsin Tsai, Department of Gastroenterology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU165JQ, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Thayalasekeran S, Ali H and Tsai HH contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to: Her-Hsin Tsai, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Castle Hill Hospital, HEY NHS Trust, Cottingham HU165JQ, United Kingdom. hhtsai@doctors.org.uk
Telephone: +44-14-82875875 Fax: +44-14-82875875
Received: June 24, 2013
Revised: September 13, 2013
Accepted: October 13, 2013
Published online: December 7, 2013
Processing time: 176 Days and 16.3 Hours
Abstract

Constipation is a common medical problem and when standard laxatives fail it can be difficult to treat. Different aetiologies require tailored therapeutic approaches. Simple constipation may only require dietary manipulation while severe neurological or slow transit constipation may need pharmacologic intervention. Recently new drug therapies have been introduced. PubMed and Ovid were searched for reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2003 using the terms: constipation, prucalopride, linaclotide and lubiprostone. This review summarizes potential novel therapies identified as effective in the management of chronic constipation. Prucalopride is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist. The prucalopride study was in patients, largely women with idiopathic constipation showed improved spontaneous complete bowel movement (SCBM) at a dose of 2 mg a day with few adverse events reported. Linaclotide is a 14-amino acid peptide guanylate cyclase-C agonist. The linaclotide study was carried out in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, constipation group (IBS-C). There was significant improvement of bowel evacuation and symptom resolution in patients on the active treatment arm. Lubiprostone activates type-2 chloride channels, increasing intestinal fluid secretion. In the trials of this drug, the lubiprostone arms had a greater mean number of SCBM. The novel therapies, prucalopride, lubiprostone, and linaclotide had very different modes of action yet, all three have been shown to be efficacious and safe in the treatment dose for constipation.

Keywords: Constipation; Prucalopride; Linaclotide

Core tip: When standard laxatives fail in the management of constipation, licensed medication linaclotide and prucalopride show useful efficacy in clinical trials.