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World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2012; 18(34): 4639-4650
Published online Sep 14, 2012. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4639
Mirizzi syndrome: History, current knowledge and proposal of a simplified classification
Marcelo A Beltrán
Marcelo A Beltrán, Department of Surgery, La Serena Hospital, La Serena 1700000, Chile
Author contributions: Beltrán MA performed the bibliographical search and wrote the article.
Correspondence to: Marcelo A Beltrán, MD, Department of Surgery, La Serena Hospital, La Serena IV Región, La Serena 1700000, Chile. beltran_01@yahoo.com
Telephone: +56-51-485923 Fax: +56-51-333382
Received: December 29, 2011
Revised: March 16, 2012
Accepted: March 20, 2012
Published online: September 14, 2012
Abstract

Chronic complications of symptomatic gallstone disease, such as Mirizzi syndrome, are rare in Western developed countries with an incidence of less than 1% a year. The importance and implications of this condition are related to their associated and potentially serious surgical complications such as bile duct injury, and to its modern management when encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The pathophysiological process leading to the subtypes of Mirizzi syndrome has been explained by means of a pressure ulcer caused by an impacted gallstone at the gallbladder infundibulum, leading to an inflammatory response causing first external obstruction of the bile duct, and eventually eroding into the bile duct and evolving to a cholecystocholedochal or cholecystohepatic fistula. This article reviews the life of Pablo Luis Mirizzi, describes the earlier and later descriptions of Mirizzi syndrome, discusses the pathophysiological process leading to the development of these uncommon fistulas, reviews the current diagnostic modalities and surgical approaches and finally proposes a simplified classification for Mirizzi syndrome intended to standardize the reports on this condition and to eventually develop a consensual surgical approach to this unexpected and seriously dangerous condition.

Keywords: Cholelithiasis, Chronic gallbladder disease, Gallstone disease, Mirizzi syndrome