Editorial
Copyright ©2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2009; 15(34): 4225-4233
Published online Sep 14, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.4225
Overview of immunosuppression in liver transplantation
Anjana A Pillai, Josh Levitsky
Anjana A Pillai, Department of Transplant Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
Josh Levitsky, Department of Hepatology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
Author contributions: Pillai AA and Levitsky J both wrote the paper.
Correspondence to: Josh Levitsky, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 675 N. St. Clair, Galter 15-250, Chicago, IL 60611, United States. josh.levitsky@nmff.org
Telephone: +1-312-6954413 Fax: +1-312-6950036
Received: July 1, 2009
Revised: July 30, 2009
Accepted: August 6, 2009
Published online: September 14, 2009
Abstract

Continued advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapy have allowed liver transplantation to become an extremely successful treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Beginning with the revolutionary discovery of cyclosporine in the 1970s, immunosuppressive regimens have evolved greatly and current statistics confirm one-year graft survival rates in excess of 80%. Immunosuppressive regimens include calcineurin inhibitors, anti-metabolites, mTOR inhibitors, steroids and antibody-based therapies. These agents target different sites in the T cell activation cascade, usually by inhibiting T cell activation or via T cell depletion. They are used as induction therapy in the immediate peri- and post-operative period, as long-term maintenance medications to preserve graft function and as salvage therapy for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients. This review will focus on existing immunosuppressive agents for liver transplantation and consider newer medications on the horizon.

Keywords: Immunosuppression; Liver transplantation; Induction therapy; Rejection