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Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 7, 2008; 14(17): 2650-2661
Published online May 7, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.2650
Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Lynne V McFarland, Sascha Dublin
Lynne V McFarland, Department of Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Metropolitan Park West, 1100 Olive Way, Suite #1400, Seattle WA 98101, United States
Lynne V McFarland, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98101, United States
Sascha Dublin, Group Health Center for Health Studies, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle 98101, United States
Author contributions: McFarland LV and Dublin S contributed equally to this work in the design of the research, analysis and writing of the paper.
Correspondence to: Lynne V McFarland, PhD, Department of Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Metropolitan Park West, 1100 Olive Way, Suite #1400, Seattle WA 98101, United States. lynne.mcfarland@va.gov
Telephone: +1-206-2771095
Fax: +1-206-7642935
Received: December 19, 2007
Revised: January 29, 2008
Published online: May 7, 2008
Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition affecting 3%-25% of the general population. As no curative treatment is available, therapy is aimed at reducing symptoms, often with little success. Because alteration of the normal intestinal microflora has been observed in IBS, probiotics (beneficial microbes taken to improve health) may be useful in reducing symptoms. This paper systematically reviews randomized, controlled, blinded trials of probiotics for the treatment of IBS and synthesizes data on efficacy across trials of adequate quality. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, NIH registry of clinical trials, metaRegister, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1982-2007. We also conducted secondary searches of reference lists, reviews, commentaries, relevant articles on associated diseases, books and meeting abstracts. Twenty trials with 23 probiotic treatment arms and a total of 1404 subjects met inclusion criteria. Probiotic use was associated with improvement in global IBS symptoms compared to placebo [pooled relative risk (RRpooled) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.62-0.94]. Probiotics were also associated with less abdominal pain compared to placebo [RRpooled = 0.78 (0.69-0.88)]. Too few studies reported data on other IBS symptoms or on specific probiotic strains to allow estimation of a pooled RR. While our analyses suggest that probiotic use may be associated with improvement in IBS symptoms compared to placebo, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the methodological limitations of contributing studies. Probiotics warrant further study as a potential therapy for IBS.

Keywords: Probiotics; Meta-analysis; Irritable bowel syndrome