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Mahgoup EM. "Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target for Hypertension: Challenges and Insights for Future Clinical Applications" "Gut Microbiota and Hypertension Therapy". Curr Hypertens Rep 2025; 27:14. [PMID: 40261509 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-025-01331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and remains challenging to manage despite the widespread use of antihypertensive medications and lifestyle modifications. This review explores the role of gut microbiota in hypertension development and regulation, highlighting key mechanisms such as inflammation, gut-brain axis modulation, and bioactive metabolite production. We also assess the potential of microbiota-targeted therapies for hypertension management. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence indicates that microbial dysbiosis, high-salt diets, and gut-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids significantly influence blood pressure regulation. Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that interventions targeting gut microbiota, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary modifications, may help modulate hypertension. However, variability in gut microbiota composition among individuals and limited human trial data pose challenges to translating these findings into clinical practice. While microbiota-based therapies show promise for hypertension management, further research is needed to establish their efficacy and long-term effects. Large-scale, standardized clinical trials are crucial for understanding the therapeutic potential and limitations of gut microbiota interventions. A deeper understanding of the gut-hypertension axis could lead to novel, personalized treatment strategies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Warsito SH, Lamid M, Al-Arif MA, Hermadi HA, Sabdoningrum EK, Ayuti SR, Hsuuw YD. The Results of Intestinal Villi of Laying Hens Exposed With Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) After Giving Citric Acid and Dextrose. Vet Med Int 2025; 2025:6623764. [PMID: 40041134 PMCID: PMC11876522 DOI: 10.1155/vmi/6623764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
The condition known as colibacillosis is still very common in Indonesia, which means that laying hens affected by it are unable to achieve their peak egg production phase. Instead, their egg production is delayed and more susceptible to infection by other diseases. The goal of this study is to determine if the mixture of citric acid and dextrose can inhibit the growth of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) bacteria in laying hens, ultimately leading to the control of colibacillosis cases in Indonesia. A total of 240 laying hen heads in all were split up into 6 treatments, each with 40 replications.The group received the following treatments: T0 is a treatment for laying hens free of APEC infection and they are given no drink that contains any mixture of citric acid and dextrose. T0 (-) is a treatment for laying hens free of APEC infection but a drink mixture of citric acid and dextrose is administered at a dose of 1 g/2.5 L of drinking water. T0 (+) is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up to 2 mL/head orally (3 × 108 CFU/mL) and given a drink without the mixture of citric acid and dextrose. T1 is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up 2 mL/head orally (3 × 108 CFU/mL) and given a mixture of citric acid and dextrose at a dose of 1 g/1.25 L of drinking water. T2 is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up to 2 mL/head orally (3 × 108 CFU/mL) and given a mixture of citric acid and dextrose at a dose of 1 g/2.5 L of drinking water. T3 is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up to 2 mL/head orally (3 × 108 CFU/mL) and given a mixture of citric acid and dextrose at a dose of 1 g/3.75 L of drinking water. The results of this study stated that the mixture of citric acid and dextrose showed a significant decrease in the appearance of the intestinal villi of laying hens, because the results were actually less good compared to the treatment infected with APEC. It is suspected that the dose given may still be excessive in concentration. This can be seen from the dose with the highest concentration range (T1) to the lowest (T3) which showed an image of intestinal villi that had a tendency to improve. Therefore, further research and studies are needed regarding the use of a mixture of citric acid and dextrose in laying hens infected with APEC with a lower dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaryo Hadi Warsito
- Animal Husbandry Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mirni Lamid
- Animal Husbandry Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - M. Anam Al-Arif
- Animal Husbandry Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Herry Agoes Hermadi
- Veterinary Reproduction Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum
- Animal Husbandry Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rani Ayuti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Yan-Der Hsuuw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Bawiec P, Jaworowska A, Sawicki J, Czop M, Szalak R, Koch W. In Vitro Evaluation of Bioavailability of Mg from Daily Food Rations, Dietary Supplements and Medicinal Products from the Polish Market. Nutrients 2025; 17:748. [PMID: 40077618 PMCID: PMC11901550 DOI: 10.3390/nu17050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrients consumed with food undergo the digestion process, and only some of them are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and enter the bloodstream. Minerals, including Mg, are crucial for maintaining the body's homeostasis, but their beneficial effect depends on their bioavailability, i.e., the part that can be absorbed and used by the body. The bioavailability of nutrients taken in pharmaceutical form is usually higher than the same nutrients contained in food, because their absorption requires prior release from the food matrix. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the conducted research was to assess the bioavailability of Mg from dietary supplements and medicinal products, considering the influence of the type of diet and pharmaceutical form on bioavailability. METHODS The experiments were conducted using a previously developed and optimized two-stage in vitro digestion model using cellulose dialysis tubes and ICP-OES method. The influence of three types of diets-standard, basic and high-residue-on the bioavailability of Mg was evaluated. RESULTS The bioavailability of Mg from the studied diets was within the range of 48.74-52.51%. CONCLUSIONS In the models studied, it was observed that the factors influencing bioavailability were the nutritional composition of the diets and the chemical form of Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bawiec
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Jaworowska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.J.); (R.S.)
| | - Jan Sawicki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11 Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Szalak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.J.); (R.S.)
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.B.); (A.J.); (R.S.)
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Bhosle A, Jackson MI, Walsh AM, Franzosa EA, Badri DV, Huttenhower C. Response of the gut microbiome and metabolome to dietary fiber in healthy dogs. mSystems 2025; 10:e0045224. [PMID: 39714168 PMCID: PMC11748496 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00452-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber confers multiple health benefits originating from the expansion of beneficial gut microbial activity. However, very few studies have established the metabolic consequences of interactions among specific fibers, microbiome composition, and function in either human or representative animal models. In a study design reflective of realistic population dietary variation, fecal metagenomic and metabolomic profiles were analyzed from healthy dogs fed 12 test foods containing different fiber sources and quantities (5-13% as-fed basis). Taxa and functions were identified whose abundances were associated either with overall fiber intake or with specific fiber compositions. Fourteen microbial species were significantly enriched in response to ≥1 specific fiber source; enrichment of fiber-derived metabolites was more pronounced in response to these fiber sources. Positively associated fecal metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, acylglycerols, fiber bound sugars, and polyphenols, co-occurred with microbes enriched in specific food groups. Critically, the specific metabolite pools responsive to differential fiber intake were dependent on differences both in individual microbial community membership and in overall ecological configuration. This helps to explain, for the first time, differences in microbiome-diet associations observed in companion animal epidemiology. Thus, our study corroborates findings in human cohorts and reinforces the role of personalized microbiomes even in seemingly phenotypically homogeneous subjects. IMPORTANCE Consumption of dietary fiber changes the composition of the gut microbiome and, to a larger extent, the associated metabolites. Production of health-relevant metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids from fiber depends both on the consumption of a specific fiber and on the enrichment of beneficial metabolite-producing species in response to it. Even in a seemingly homogeneous population, the benefit received from fiber consumption is personalized and emphasizes specific fiber-microbe-host interactions. These observations are relevant for both population-wide and personalized nutrition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrisha Bhosle
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Aaron M. Walsh
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Franzosa
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kumar A, Mehan S, Tiwari A, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS, Samant R. Magnesium (Mg 2+): Essential Mineral for Neuronal Health: From Cellular Biochemistry to Cognitive Health and Behavior Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:3074-3107. [PMID: 39253923 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128321466240816075041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a crucial mineral involved in numerous cellular processes critical for neuronal health and function. This review explores the multifaceted roles of Mg2+, from its biochemical interactions at the cellular level to its impact on cognitive health and behavioral regulation. Mg2+ acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in ATP synthesis, nucleic acid stability, and neurotransmitter release. It regulates ion channels, modulates synaptic plasticity, and maintains the structural integrity of cell membranes, which are essential for proper neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of Mg2+ in neuroprotection, showing its ability to attenuate oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and mitigate excitotoxicity, thereby safeguarding neuronal health. Furthermore, Mg2+ deficiency has been linked to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Supplementation with Mg2+, particularly in the form of bioavailable compounds such as Magnesium-L-Threonate (MgLT), Magnesium-Acetyl-Taurate (MgAT), and other Magnesium salts, has shown some promising results in enhancing synaptic density, improving memory function, and alleviating symptoms of mental health disorders. This review highlights significant current findings on the cellular mechanisms by which Mg2+ exerts its neuroprotective effects and evaluates clinical and preclinical evidence supporting its therapeutic potential. By elucidating the comprehensive role of Mg2+ in neuronal health, this review aims to underscore the importance of maintaining optimal Mg2+ levels for cognitive function and behavioral regulation, advocating for further research into Mg2+ supplementation as a viable intervention for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India) Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India) Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India) Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Zuber Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India) Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India) Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Rajaram Samant
- Department of Research and Development, Celagenex Research, Thane, Maharashtra, India
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Deng Y, Pan J, Yang X, Yang S, Chi H, Yang X, Qu X, Sun S, You L, Hou C. Dual roles of nanocrystalline cellulose extracted from jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves in resisting antibiotics and protecting probiotics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6435-6448. [PMID: 38024324 PMCID: PMC10662138 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics can cure diseases caused by bacterial infections, but their widespread use can have some side effects, such as probiotic reduction. There is an urgent need for such agents that can not only alleviate the damage caused by antibiotics, but also maintain the balance of the gut microbiota. In this study, we first characterized the nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) extracted from plant jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves. Next, we evaluated the protective effect of jute NCC and cellulose on human model gut bacteria (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Escherichia coli) under antibiotic stress by measuring bacterial growth and colony forming units. We found that NCC is more effective than cellulose in adsorbing antibiotics and defending the gut bacteria E. coli. Interestingly, the low-dose jute NCC clearly maintained the balance of key gut bacteria like Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus Firm-4 in bees treated with tetracycline and reduced the toxicity caused by antibiotics. It also showed a more significant protective effect on human gut bacteria, especially L. rhamnosus, than cellulose. This study first demonstrated that low-dose NCC performed satisfactorily as a specific probiotic to mitigate the adverse effects of antibiotics on gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Jiangpeng Pan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100093 P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Qu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
| | - Linfeng You
- Department of Food and Biotechnology Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 P. R. China
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Petermann-Rocha F, Ho FK. Vegetarians: Past, Present, and Future Regarding Their Diet Quality and Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2023; 15:3587. [PMID: 37630777 PMCID: PMC10459486 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "vegetarian" usually refers to individuals who exclude meat, fish, poultry and/or their derived products from their diet [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK;
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Cholewińska E, Marzec A, Sołek P, Fotschki B, Listos P, Ognik K, Juśkiewicz J. The Effect of Copper Nanoparticles and a Different Source of Dietary Fibre in the Diet on the Integrity of the Small Intestine in the Rat. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071588. [PMID: 37049430 PMCID: PMC10096726 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis regarding the effect of recommended (6.5 mg/kg) or enhanced (13 mg/kg) level of CuNPs in the diet in combination with different types of dietary fibre—cellulose (control), inulin, pectin or psyllium—on selected biological parameters of intestinal integrity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. The first two groups were fed a control diet that contained cellulose, and a mineral mixture with standard or enhanced content of CuCO3. Experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with CuNPs (6.5 or 13 mg/kg) and combined with different types of fibre (cellulose, pectin, inulin or psyllium). After the feeding period, blood and small intestine samples were collected for further analysis. Replacing CuCO3 by CuNPs in the diet positively reduced the level of lactic acid and apoptosis markers in the small intestine; however, it also resulted in the intensification of DNA oxidation. The most beneficial effect on DNA repair mechanisms is related to inulin, while pectin has the greatest ability to inhibit inflammatory processes that induce the apoptotic death of cells in the small intestine. Our results suggest that dietary fibre supplementation protects the small intestine against potentially harmful, oxidative effects of CuNPs by intensifying the intestinal barrier.
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Ray E, Mohan K, Ahmad S, Wolf MTF. Physiology of a Forgotten Electrolyte-Magnesium Disorders. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2023; 30:148-163. [PMID: 36868730 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the second most common intracellular cation and the fourth most abundant element on earth. However, Mg2+ is a frequently overlooked electrolyte and often not measured in patients. While hypomagnesemia is common in 15% of the general population, hypermagnesemia is typically only found in preeclamptic women after Mg2+ therapy and in patients with ESRD. Mild to moderate hypomagnesemia has been associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, CKD, and cancer. Nutritional Mg2+ intake and enteral Mg2+ absorption are important for Mg2+ homeostasis, but the kidneys are the key regulators of Mg2+ homeostasis by limiting urinary excretion to less than 4% while the gastrointestinal tract loses over 50% of the Mg2+ intake in the feces. Here, we review the physiological relevance of Mg2+, the current knowledge of Mg2+ absorption in the kidneys and the gut, the different causes of hypomagnesemia, and a diagnostic approach on how to assess Mg2+ status. We highlight the latest discoveries of monogenetic conditions causing hypomagnesemia, which have enhanced our understanding of tubular Mg2+ absorption. We will also discuss external and iatrogenic causes of hypomagnesemia and advances in the treatment of hypomagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Ray
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Krithika Mohan
- Department of Nephrology, Hosmat Hospital, HBR Layout, Bangalore, India
| | - Syeda Ahmad
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Matthias T F Wolf
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Chamniansawat S, Suksridechacin N, Thongon N. Current opinion on the regulation of small intestinal magnesium absorption. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:332-342. [PMID: 36687126 PMCID: PMC9846944 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) has an important role in numerous biological functions, and Mg2+ deficiency is associated with several diseases. Therefore, adequate intestinal absorption of Mg2+ is vital for health. The small intestine was previously thought to absorb digested Mg2+ exclusively through an unregulated paracellular mechanism, which is responsible for approximately 90% of total Mg2+ absorption. Recent studies, however, have revealed that the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum absorb Mg2+ through both transcellular and paracellular routes. Several regulatory factors of small intestinal Mg2+ uptake also have been explored, e.g., parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23, apical acidity, proton pump inhibitor, and pH-sensing channel and receptors. The mechanistic factors underlying proton pump inhibitor suppression of small intestinal Mg2+, such as magnesiotropic protein dysfunction, higher mucosal bicarbonate secretion, Paneth cell dysfunction, and intestinal inflammation, are currently being explored. The potential role of small intestinal microbiomes in Mg2+ absorption has also been proposed. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanisms and regulatory factors of small intestinal Mg2+ absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Chamniansawat
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Muang 20131, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Nasisorn Suksridechacin
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Thongon
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Muang 20131, Chonburi, Thailand
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11
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Afoakwah NA. Jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberoses) dietary-fiber powder functionality. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12426. [PMID: 36590568 PMCID: PMC9800523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The artichoke tuber is full of nutrients, inulin, and phytochemicals. It has been used to treat illnesses including diabetes and colon cancer, as well as in food product formulation, but limited information on the Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT) powder characterization exists in the literature, hence in this paper, JAT was freeze and oven-dried. It was powdered into JAT-freeze-dried-(FD)-powder and oven-dried (OD)-powder. This enabled the JAT powder's functional and physical properties to be studied. As a result, JAT powder's morphology, microstructure, and functional groups, as well as the powder foaming, swelling, solubility, antioxidant, color pasting, bulk, packed, and particle distribution properties were studied. Results indicated that the average particle distribution size at Dx90 and Dx80 displayed a distinct difference at p ≤ 0.05, while the bulk (0.39 g/cm-3) and packed (0.48 g/cm-3) densities recorded a lower value for FD powder. The FD powder's foaming capacity (24.0%) was significantly distinct (p ≤ 0.05) from the OD powder. Also, the solubility of FD powder was 6.2 g/g at 50 °C, and that of OD powder was recorded as 2.3 g/g. Again, the FD powder had a higher ABTS+ (34.3 mM (TE)/g dw) and CUPRAC (94.61 mM (TE)/g dw) capacity. Besides, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) dissimilarity among the powder color parameters (L∗, a∗, b∗, C∗, and whiteness) was observed. More so, the XRD and FT-IR characterization established a semi-crystalline or amorphous nature of the powder containing polysaccharides, and a broad halo pattern 2 θ at an angle 19.3° and 20 ° for FD powder and OD powder respectively. The FD powder particles were more agglomerated than those of OD powder. This was seen as a microscopic image, again FD powder revealed a higher pasting temperature and a drop in peak viscosity. Based on the results obtained, JAT (FD and OD) powder has all the quality attributes required of a powder for culinary product formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newlove A. Afoakwah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1882, Tamale Nyankpala Campus, Ghana
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Gommers LMM, Leermakers PA, van der Wijst J, Roig SR, Adella A, van de Wal MAE, Bindels RJM, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ. Butyrate reduces cellular magnesium absorption independently of metabolic regulation in Caco-2 human colon cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18551. [PMID: 36329098 PMCID: PMC9633768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestion of dietary fibers by gut bacteria has been shown to stimulate intestinal mineral absorption [e.g., calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)]. Although it has been suggested that local pH and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations determine divalent cation absorption, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of SCFAs on intestinal Mg2+ absorption. We show that the butyrate concentration in the colon negatively correlates with serum Mg2+ levels in wildtype mice. Moreover, Na-butyrate significantly inhibited Mg2+ uptake in Caco-2 cells, while Ca2+ uptake was unaffected. Although Na-butyrate significantly lowered total ATP production rate, and resulted in increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of Mg2+ uptake by butyrate preceded these consequences. Importantly, electrophysiological examinations demonstrated that intracellular butyrate directly reduced the activity of the heteromeric Mg2+ channel complex, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)6/7. Blocking cellular butyrate uptake prevented its inhibitory effect on Mg2+ uptake, demonstrating that butyrate acts intracellularly. Our work identified butyrate as novel regulator of intestinal Mg2+ uptake that works independently from metabolic regulation. This finding further highlights the role of microbial fermentation in the regulation of mineral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M. M. Gommers
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Leermakers
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van der Wijst
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara R. Roig
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Adella
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa A. E. van de Wal
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J. M. Bindels
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H. F. de Baaij
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wang M, Cha R, Hao W, Du R, Zhang P, Hu Y, Jiang X. Nanocrystalline Cellulose Cures Constipation via Gut Microbiota Metabolism. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16481-16496. [PMID: 36129390 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Constipation can seriously affect the quality of life and increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The present strategies for constipation therapy have adverse effects, such as causing irreversible intestinal damage and affecting the absorption of nutrients. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is from natural plants, has good biocompatibility and high safety. Herein, we used NCC to treat constipation assessed by the black stool, intestinal tissue sections, and serum biomarkers. We studied the effect of NCC on gut microbiota and discussed the correlation of gut microbiota and metabolites. We evaluated the long-term biosafety of NCC. NCC could effectively treat constipation through gut microbiota metabolism, which required a small dosage and did not affect the organs and intestines. NCC could be used as an alternative to medications and dietary fiber for constipation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Du
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Pai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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14
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Colonic expression of calcium transporter TRPV6 is regulated by dietary sodium butyrate. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:293-302. [PMID: 34997297 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers have been shown to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). However, the mechanisms that explain the enhanced electrolyte absorption remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of 5% (w/w) sodium butyrate (Na-butyrate), an important end-metabolite of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, on Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis in mice. Serum Ca2+ levels were only significantly increased in mice treated with Na-butyrate for 1 day. This was associated with a twofold increase in the mRNA expression levels of Trpv6 in the proximal and distal colon. Contrary, Na-butyrate did not affect serum Mg2+ concentrations at either of the intervention periods. However, we observed a reduction in urinary Mg2+ excretion, although not significantly, after 1 day of treatment. A significant reduction of 2.5-fold in urinary Mg2+ excretion was observed after 14 days of treatment. Indeed, 14-day Na-butyrate supplementation increased colonic Trpm7 expression by 1.2-fold compared to control mice. In conclusion, short-term Na-butyrate supplementation increases serum Ca2+ levels in mice. This was associated with increased mRNA expression levels of Trpv6 in the colon, suggesting that Na-butyrate regulates the expression of genes involved in active intestinal Ca2+ absorption.
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15
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Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Intake and Nutrition Quotient of Korean Athletes with Disabilities in the Tokyo Paralympic Games. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103631. [PMID: 34684631 PMCID: PMC8541361 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed and evaluated the nutritional intake and nutrition quotient for adults (NQ-A) among 21 disabled national athletes preparing for the Tokyo Paralympic competition. A 24-h recall nutrition survey was conducted on the second day of training and one day of the weekend (holidays) to analyze daily nutritional intake. Dietary information was analyzed using the NQ-A questionnaire, which comprises 21 items. The athletes were divided into three groups based on the NQ-A score (High, Middle, Low). A comparative analysis of dietary intake of disabled athletes with the recommended dietary intake amount (RDA) was performed. The intake of carbohydrates (166.9%), proteins (112.3%), vitamin E (112.0%), thiamine (124.6%), riboflavin (100.2%), vitamin B6 (110.6%), vitamin B12 (120.7%), sodium (216.6%), phosphorus (118.3%), iron (146.5%), iodine (143.2%), and selenium (114.2%) was higher than the Korean-recommended amount. In particular, as the results of comparing dietary intake between the three groups showed, the low NQ-A score group had significantly lower intake compared to the %RDA for vitamin E (67.1%), C (26.3%), and Potassium (42.8%). However, with most nutrients, nutritional intake deficiency was not shown to be a problem.
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Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Tartara A, Gasparri C, Perna S, Infantino V, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G. An update on magnesium and bone health. Biometals 2021; 34:715-736. [PMID: 33959846 PMCID: PMC8313472 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2009 EFSA Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the dietary intake of magnesium (Mg) and maintenance of normal bone. After 2009, numerous studies have been published, but no reviews have made an update on this topic. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art since 2009 on relationship between Mg blood levels, Mg dietary intake and Mg dietary supplementation (alone or with other micronutrients; this last topic has been considered since 1990, because it is not included in the EFSA claims) and bone health in humans. This review included 28 eligible studies: nine studies concern Mg blood, 12 studies concern Mg intake and seven studies concern Mg supplementation, alone or in combination with other nutrients. From the various studies carried out on the serum concentration of Mg and its relationship with the bone, it has been shown that lower values are related to the presence of osteoporosis, and that about 30–40% of the subjects analyzed (mainly menopausal women) have hypomagnesaemia. Various dietetic investigations have shown that many people (about 20%) constantly consume lower quantities of Mg than recommended; moreover, in this category, a lower bone mineral density and a higher fracturing risk have been found. Considering the intervention studies published to date on supplementation with Mg, most have used this mineral in the form of citrate, carbonate or oxide, with a dosage varying between 250 and 1800 mg. In all studies there was a benefit both in terms of bone mineral density and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda Di Servizi Alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda Di Servizi Alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda Di Servizi Alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038, Sakhir, Bahrain
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda Di Servizi Alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Nishiyama M, Funaba M, Matsui T. Magnesium bioavailability of dried and thinly shaved kombu in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:272-278. [PMID: 32623713 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) is highly bioavailable in kombu compared with other edible seaweeds. However, a considerable amount of Mg is lost during industrial processing and cooking of kombu. We hypothesized that thinly shaved kombu (TSK), a traditional Japanese kombu product, is a suitable Mg source for daily diets because TSK hardly loses Mg during processing. Rats were fed diets containing TSK or magnesium oxide (MgO) to satisfy 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of their Mg requirements. We determined the relative Mg bioavailability of TSK compared to MgO and examined factors affecting Mg bioavailability in TSK. RESULTS The relative bioavailability of Mg in TSK compared with MgO was calculated as 92.3%, 111.4%, and 87.2% from apparent absorption, urinary excretion, and femoral concentration of Mg, respectively. The ultrafiltrable Mg concentration was lower in the cecal content of rats given TSK than those given MgO. However, the mRNA expression of TRPM6, an Mg channel responsible for Mg absorption, was higher in the cecum of rats given TSK than those given MgO. CONCLUSION Enhancement of TRPM6 expression in the large intestine negates the low bioaccessibility of Mg in TSK, and thus TSK shows Mg bioavailability comparable with MgO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Nishiyama
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Clark CCT, Salek M, Aghabagheri E, Jafarnejad S. The effect of psyllium supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:1385-1399. [PMID: 32066221 PMCID: PMC7652639 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Global incidence of hypertension is estimated to be, in excess of, one billion people, and given the efficacy of soluble dietary fibers, in particular, Psyllium, to positively impact blood pressure in patients with hypertension, it is of clinical importance that consensus on its supplementation be established. Therefore, the aim of the study was systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of psyllium supplementation on blood pressure of hypertensive patients in randomized controlled trials. METHODS We searched six universal databases including; Pubmed/Medline, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus until November 2018. Both combined and stratified analyzes were conducted. A fixed-effects or random- effects model was used to assess the mean effect sizes. RESULTS An eventual 11 trials with 592 participants were considered as eligible for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction of 2.04 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, -2.04; 95% confidence interval, -2.82 to -1.63; p < 0.001). Whilst meta-regression highlighted that the hypotensive effect of psyllium was stronger in subjects with higher baseline blood pressure. CONCLUSION Given the overarching benefits and lack of reported side effects, particularly for hypertensive patients, health care providers and clinicians should consider the use of psyllium supplementation for the treatment or abatement of hypertension, or hypertensive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cain C. T. Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mina Salek
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Aghabagheri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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19
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Dissecting the role of the gut microbiota and diet on visceral fat mass accumulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9758. [PMID: 31278309 PMCID: PMC6611773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both gut microbiota and diet have been shown to impact visceral fat mass (VFM), a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but their relative contribution has not been well characterised. We aimed to estimate and separate the effect of gut microbiota composition from that of nutrient intake on VFM in 1760 older female twins. Through pairwise association analyses, we identified 93 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 10 nutrients independently linked to VFM (FDR < 5%). Conditional analyses revealed that the majority (87%) of the 93 VFM-associated OTUs remained significantly associated with VFM irrespective of nutrient intake correction. In contrast, we observed that the effect of fibre, magnesium, biotin and vitamin E on VFM was partially mediated by OTUs. Moreover, we estimated that OTUs were more accurate predictors of VFM than nutrients and accounted for a larger percentage of its variance. Our results suggest that while the role of certain nutrients on VFM appears to depend on gut microbiota composition, specific gut microbes may affect host adiposity regardless of dietary intake. The findings imply that the gut microbiota may have a greater contribution towards shaping host VFM than diet alone. Thus, microbial-based therapy should be prioritised for VFM reduction in overweight and obese subjects.
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21
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Relationship between Nutrition and Alcohol Consumption with Blood Pressure: The ESTEBAN Survey. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061433. [PMID: 31242675 PMCID: PMC6627946 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions are recommended for the prevention of hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the relationship between alcohol consumption and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score with blood pressure (BP) stratified by gender. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from 2105 adults from the ESTEBAN survey, a representative sample of the French population. Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the correlation between the DASH score and alcohol with BP. Regressions were adjusted by age, treatment, socio-economic level, tobacco, exercise, Body mass index (BMI), and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. RESULTS The DASH score was negatively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (p < 0.0001). Alcohol was positively associated with increased BP only in men. The worst quintile of the DASH score was associated with an 1.8 mmHg increase in SBP and an 0.6 mmHg increase in SBP compared to the greatest quintile in men and with a 1.5 mmHg increase in SBP and an 0.4 mmHg increase in SBP in women. Male participants in the worst quintile of alcohol consumption showed an increase of 3.0 mmHg in SBP and 0.8 mmHg in DBP compared to those in the greatest quintile. CONCLUSION A high DASH score and a reduction in alcohol consumption could be effective nutritional strategies for the prevention of hypertension.
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22
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Reddy YS, Srivalliputturu SB, Bharatraj DK. The effect of lead (Pb) exposure and iron (Fe) deficiency on intestinal lactobacilli, E. coli and yeast: A study in experimental rats. J Occup Health 2018; 60:475-484. [PMID: 30210097 PMCID: PMC6281633 DOI: 10.1539/joh.2017-0267-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the additive effect of oral lead (Pb) exposure and dietary iron (Fe) deficiency on intestinal lactobacilli, E. coli, and yeast in SD rats. METHODS Weanling rats were fed on control diet (CD) or iron deficient diet (ID) for 4 weeks, followed by oral Pb exposure for another 4 weeks. Lead exposure was withdrawn for 2 weeks, and then resumed after 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, blood Pb and δ-Aminolevulenic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity. Fecal samples were collected to enumerate the lactobacilli, E. coli and yeast population on selective agar media and determine Pb levels. RESULTS Hb and serum Fe levels decreased significantly in iron deficient rats. Pb exposed rats had a significant increase in blood Pb levels and decreased ALAD activity. The lactobacilli population was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in ID rats compared to the CD group. Further, a significant decrease in the lactobacilli population was observed in Pb exposed rats irrespective of the dietary regimen. Upon withdrawal of Pb exposure, lactobacilli increased significantly in both the CD+Pb and ID+Pb groups, whereas re-exposure to Pb decreased lactobacilli population. The E. coli and yeast populations were inconsistent among both the ID and Pb exposed rats compared to controls. Fecal Pb levels increased significantly in Pb exposed rats irrespective of diet. CONCLUSION An additive effect of dietary Fe deficiency and oral Pb exposure resulted in greater reductions in the intestinal lactobacilli population compared to either treatment alone. In addition, transient withdrawal of Pb exposure led to improved lactobacilli population irrespective of Fe status.
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Workinger JL, Doyle RP, Bortz J. Challenges in the Diagnosis of Magnesium Status. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1202. [PMID: 30200431 PMCID: PMC6163803 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is a critical mineral in the human body and is involved in ~80% of known metabolic functions. It is currently estimated that 60% of adults do not achieve the average dietary intake (ADI) and 45% of Americans are magnesium deficient, a condition associated with disease states like hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders, to name a few. Magnesium deficiency can be attributed to common dietary practices, medications, and farming techniques, along with estimates that the mineral content of vegetables has declined by as much as 80⁻90% in the last 100 years. However, despite this mineral's importance, it is poorly understood from several standpoints, not the least of which is its unique mechanism of absorption and sensitive compartmental handling in the body, making the determination of magnesium status difficult. The reliance on several popular sample assays has contributed to a great deal of confusion in the literature. This review will discuss causes of magnesium deficiency, absorption, handling, and compartmentalization in the body, highlighting the challenges this creates in determining magnesium status in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Workinger
- Human Nutrition and Pharma, Balchem Corporation, 52 Sunrise Park Road, New Hampton, NY 10958, USA.
| | - Robert P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Jonathan Bortz
- Human Nutrition and Pharma, Balchem Corporation, 52 Sunrise Park Road, New Hampton, NY 10958, USA.
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Sheldon S, Aleman M, Costa L, Santoyo AC, Howey Q, Madigan J. Alterations in Metabolic Status and Headshaking Behavior Following Intravenous Administration of Hypertonic Solutions in Horses with Trigeminal-Mediated Headshaking. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E102. [PMID: 29941850 PMCID: PMC6071069 DOI: 10.3390/ani8070102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal-nerve-mediated headshaking represents a major welfare challenge for owners and veterinarians and is caused by a low threshold firing of the trigeminal nerve resulting in pain manifested as violent head jerking that often terminates the horse’s career and life due to poor quality of life and suffering. As metabolic changes such as acid⁻base status and electrolytes play a role in nerve firing, this study sought to assess the effects following administration of hypertonic solutions on headshaking behavior in affected horses. This prospective randomized controlled crossover design utilized six horses affected with trigeminal-mediated headshaking and three treatment groups receiving intravenous administration of 5% dextrose solution at 2 mL/kg bwt (DS), NaCl 7.5% at 4 mL/kg bwt (HS), or NaHCO₃ 8.4% at 2 mmol/kg bwt (HB). Horses were assessed for headshaking behavior changes at times T0 (baseline, before infusion) and T15, 30, 60, 120 min post infusion. Venous blood variables: pH, HCO₃−, standard base excess (SBE), Na⁺, Cl−, K⁺, Ca2+, Mg2+, total magnesium (tMg), glucose, and lactate were measured at T0 (baseline, before infusion) and T5, 15, 30, 60, 120 min post infusion. Strong ion difference (SID) and anion gap (AG) were calculated for each time point. With HB treatment, there was greater than 50% reduction in headshaking rate. There was an effect of time on increasing headshaking rate. There was an effect of breed on headshaking rate. Changes in blood parameters following DS were virtually absent. Infusion of HS caused mild changes and did not vary much from baseline except for SID and AG. Only infusion of HB caused blood pH and HCO₃− to be outside of the physiologic range (alkalemia and metabolic alkalosis, respectively), SBE to double or triple, AG to decrease, and SID to increase compared to baseline. Infusion of DS was followed by increase in blood glucose and decrease in blood Na⁺. Infusion of HS was followed by increase in Na⁺ and Cl− and decrease in Mg2+. Infusion of HB was followed by decrease in Mg2+. Blood tMg, K⁺, and Ca2+ decreased slightly, but did not vary greatly from baseline following any of the treatments, remaining within physiologic ranges. Changes in blood composition were transient. Among all treatments, only HB had an effect on headshaking rate. The limited effects following these fluids were likely due to normal mechanisms of regulation of blood levels of pH and electrolytes. Further investigations of changes in electrolytes that might affect nerve firing should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shara Sheldon
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Monica Aleman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Lais Costa
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - A Cristina Santoyo
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Quinn Howey
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - John Madigan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Crowley EK, Long-Smith CM, Murphy A, Patterson E, Murphy K, O'Gorman DM, Stanton C, Nolan YM. Dietary Supplementation with a Magnesium-Rich Marine Mineral Blend Enhances the Diversity of Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E216. [PMID: 29925774 PMCID: PMC6024889 DOI: 10.3390/md16060216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that dietary supplementation with functional food ingredients play a role in systemic and brain health as well as in healthy ageing. Conversely, deficiencies in calcium and magnesium as a result of the increasing prevalence of a high fat/high sugar "Western diet" have been associated with health problems such as obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as metabolic, immune, and psychiatric disorders. It is now recognized that modulating the diversity of gut microbiota, the population of intestinal bacteria, through dietary intervention can significantly impact upon gut health as well as systemic and brain health. In the current study, we show that supplementation with a seaweed and seawater-derived functional food ingredient rich in bioactive calcium and magnesium (0.1% supplementation) as well as 70 other trace elements, significantly enhanced the gut microbial diversity in adult male rats. Given the significant impact of gut microbiota on health, these results position this marine multi-mineral blend (MMB) as a promising digestive-health promoting functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12XF62 Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Amy Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Elaine Patterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Kiera Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Denise M O'Gorman
- Marigot Ltd., Strand Farm, Currabinny, Carrigaline, P43NN62 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12XF62 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland.
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26
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Does Dietary Fiber Affect the Levels of Nutritional Components after Feed Formulation? FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Aljewicz M, Tonska E, Juskiewicz J, Cichosz G. The influence of product acidity and beta-glucans isolated from various sources on the mineral composition and the mechanical and microstructural properties of the femur in growing Wistar rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chen S, Jin X, Liu J, Sun T, Xie M, Bao W, Yu X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shan Z, Liu L. Association of Plasma Magnesium with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12763. [PMID: 28986547 PMCID: PMC5630593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the associations of plasma magnesium with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Chinese adults. We conducted a case-control analysis of 4447 participants: 867 newly diagnosed prediabetes patients, 1475 newly diagnosed T2D patients and 2105 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. In a subsample of 599 apparently healthy individuals, we measured plasma hs-CRP levels to examine their relation to plasma magnesium. Plasma magnesium and hs-CRP were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Plasma magnesium decreased from NGT to prediabetes to T2D, and was inversely associated with prediabetes and T2D. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the ORs from the lowest to highest quartiles of plasma magnesium were 1, 0.57 (95%CI, 0.44–0.74), 0.49 (0.37–0.65) and 0.51 (0.37–0.70) for prediabetes, and 1, 0.26 (0.20–0.33), 0.15 (0.12–0.20) and 0.15 (0.11–0.20) for T2D. Consistently, plasma magnesium was inversely correlated with plasma hs-CRP in our subsample analysis; the geometric mean hs-CRP concentration for ascending quartiles of plasma magnesium were 1.29 (1.06–1.57), 1.16 (0.95–1.41), 1.00 (0.81–1.22), and 0.71 (0.58–0.88) mg/l. Plasma magnesium was independently and inversely associated with prediabetes and T2D in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Taoping Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Lelong H, Blacher J, Baudry J, Adriouch S, Galan P, Fezeu L, Hercberg S, Kesse-Guyot E. Individual and Combined Effects of Dietary Factors on Risk of Incident Hypertension: Prospective Analysis From the NutriNet-Santé Cohort. Hypertension 2017; 70:712-720. [PMID: 28760943 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake is pointed as one of the major determinants in hypertension development. Data in the area are mostly obtained from cross-sectional studies. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between (1) individual nutritional factors and (2) adherence to the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension and the risk of incident hypertension in a large cohort study. We prospectively examined the incidence of hypertension among 80 426 French adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Self-reported sociodemographic, lifestyle health questionnaires and dietary consumption assessed by three 24-hour records were completed at baseline and yearly thereafter. Associations between quartiles (Q) of nutrients and food groups and adherence to Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet and hypertension risk were assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. During a mean follow-up of 3.4±2.1 years, 2413 cases of incident hypertension were documented. Dietary intakes of sodium (Q4 versus Q1): hazard ratio (HR)=1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.35), potassium: HR=0.82 (95% CI, 0.72-0.94), animal protein: HR=1.26 (95% CI, 1.11-1.43), vegetable protein: HR=0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.95), fiber: HR =0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.93), magnesium: HR=0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.89), fruit and vegetables: HR=0.85 (95% CI, 0.74-0.97), whole grain: HR=0.84(95% CI, 0.76-0.93), nuts: HR=0.72 (95% CI, 0.63-0.83), and red and processed meat: HR=1.25 (95% CI, 1.11-0.42) were associated with risk of hypertension. Besides, adherence to the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension was strongly inversely associated with incident hypertension: (Q4 versus Q1) HR=0.66 (95% CI, 0.58-0.75). Our results confirmed the association of several nutritional factors intake and incident hypertension and highlighted that adopting a global healthy diet could strongly contribute to the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Lelong
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
| | - Jacques Blacher
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.).
| | - Julia Baudry
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
| | - Solia Adriouch
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
| | - Pilar Galan
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
| | - Leopold Fezeu
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
| | - Serge Hercberg
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- From the AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, France (H.L., J.B.); UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, CRNH IdF, Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France (H.L., J. Blacher, J. Baudry, S.A., P.G., L.F., S.H., E.K.-G.); and Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France (S.H.)
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30
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Kumari M, Platel K. Effect of sulfur-containing spices on the bioaccessibility of trace minerals from selected cereals and pulses. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2842-2848. [PMID: 27786355 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic and onion, which are rich in organo-sulfur compounds, are reported to enhance the bioaccessibility of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn; however, there is a lack of similar information on the bioaccessibility of copper, manganese and chromium. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous garlic and onion on the bioaccessibility of these trace minerals from selected food grains. The effect of two levels of garlic (0.25 and 0.5 g/10 g grain-1 ) and onion (1.5 and 3 g/10 g grain-1 ) on the bioaccessibility of these trace minerals from two representative cereals and pulses was determined by employing an in vitro dialysability procedure. RESULTS Both garlic and onion significantly improved the bioaccessibility of Cu, especially when added at the higher level, in most of the foods examined. The enhancing effect of garlic on Mn bioaccessibility was found in cooked sorghum and chickpea, whereas onion significantly improved Mn bioaccessibility in cooked rice and chickpea. The addition of both spices did not exert any enhancing effect on Cr bioaccessibility from the cereals and pulses. CONCLUSION The bioaccessibility of Cu, as well as Mn to a lesser extent, from vegetarian diets can be significantly improved by incorporating garlic and onion in the diet. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Kalpana Platel
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
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Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A, Wallace TC, Guerrero-Romero F, Hruby A, Lutsey PL, Nielsen FH, Rodriguez-Moran M, Song Y, Van Horn LV. Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:977-993. [PMID: 28140318 PMCID: PMC5105038 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee indicated that magnesium was a shortfall nutrient that was underconsumed relative to the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for many Americans. Approximately 50% of Americans consume less than the EAR for magnesium, and some age groups consume substantially less. A growing body of literature from animal, epidemiologic, and clinical studies has demonstrated a varied pathologic role for magnesium deficiency that includes electrolyte, neurologic, musculoskeletal, and inflammatory disorders; osteoporosis; hypertension; cardiovascular diseases; metabolic syndrome; and diabetes. Studies have also demonstrated that magnesium deficiency is associated with several chronic diseases and that a reduced risk of these diseases is observed with higher magnesium intake or supplementation. Subclinical magnesium deficiency can exist despite the presentation of a normal status as defined within the current serum magnesium reference interval of 0.75-0.95 mmol/L. This reference interval was derived from data from NHANES I (1974), which was based on the distribution of serum magnesium in a normal population rather than clinical outcomes. What is needed is an evidenced-based serum magnesium reference interval that reflects optimal health and the current food environment and population. We present herein data from an array of scientific studies to support the perspective that subclinical deficiencies in magnesium exist, that they contribute to several chronic diseases, and that adopting a revised serum magnesium reference interval would improve clinical care and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald J Elin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Taylor C Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | | | - Adela Hruby
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Yiqing Song
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Linda V Van Horn
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Pre-calving feeding of rumen-protected rice bran to multiparous dairy cows improves recovery of calcaemia after calving. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:281-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s002202991600039x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows can have different degrees of hypocalcaemia around calving. Lowering dietary Ca availability before calving can prevent it. Rice bran, treated for lower rumen degradability of phytic acid can reduce dietary availability of Ca. During 3 periods of 3 weeks, 113 multiparous cows calved in a single close-up group, which was fed first a control diet, then 140 g/kg DM of rumen-protected rice bran, and at last the control diet again. Cows joined the group 3 weeks before expected calving date and left it at calving. Blood samples were taken weekly before parturition and 0, 6 and 12 h after calving, as well as 3 and 28 d in lactation. Serum was analysed for Ca, Mg, and P. Rice bran introduction produced a transient serum Ca decrease. Rice bran feeding reduced serum P and its withdrawal reduced serum Mg. Serum Ca at calving, nadir of serum Ca and serum Ca the first 3 d after calving was higher in cows calving during rice bran feeding. Serum P decreased less and recovered faster after calving when cows had been fed rice bran. Rumen-protected rice bran reduced dietary availability of Ca and induced adaptation of Ca metabolism resulting in improved Ca and P homoeostasis at calving.
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Scholz-Ahrens KE, Adolphi B, Rochat F, Barclay DV, de Vrese M, Açil Y, Schrezenmeir J. Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on mineral metabolism in ovariectomized rats — impact of bacterial mass, intestinal absorptive area and reduction of bone turn-over. NFS JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen YL, Liao FH, Lin SH, Chien YW. A Prebiotic Formula Improves the Gastrointestinal Bacterial Flora in Toddlers. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:3504282. [PMID: 27403155 PMCID: PMC4923535 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3504282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of enriched 3-prebiotic formula (including inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides) on toddler gut health by measuring fecal microbiota. Our results revealed that the consumption of 3-prebiotic formula three times per day giving total intake of 1.8 g prebiotic ingredients significantly showed the increased number of probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. colonies and the reduced populations of both C. perfringens and total anaerobic bacteria on the fecal bacterial flora in toddlers at 18~36 months. In addition, total organic acids in the fecal samples significantly increased which improves the utilization of bifidus under acidic conditions after consumption of the 3-prebiotic formula. Therefore, using the formula enriched with prebiotic may maintain gut health in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsuean Liao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11014, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Hsiang Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11014, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11014, Taiwan
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Gabaza M, Muchuweti M, Vandamme P, Raes K. Can fermentation be used as a sustainable strategy to reduce iron and zinc binders in traditional African fermented cereal porridges or gruels? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1196491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Gabaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Maud Muchuweti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Hess MW, de Baaij JHF, Broekman M, Bisseling TM, Haarhuis B, Tan A, Te Morsche R, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM, Drenth JPH. Inulin significantly improves serum magnesium levels in proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesaemia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:1178-85. [PMID: 27086738 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are among the most widely prescribed drugs to treat gastric acid-related disorders. PPI-induced hypomagnesaemia, a defect in intestinal absorption of Mg(2+) , can be a severe side effect of chronic PPI use. AIM To restore serum Mg(2+) concentrations in PPI-induced hypomagnesaemia patients by dietary supplementation with inulin fibres. METHODS Eleven patients with PPI-induced hypomagnesaemia and 10 controls were treated with inulin (20 g/day). Each trial consisted of two cycles of 14-day inulin treatment followed by a washout period of 14 days. Patients continued to use their PPI. Serum Mg(2+) levels served as the primary endpoint. RESULTS Inulin significantly enhanced serum Mg(2+) levels from 0.60 to 0.68 mmol/L in PPI-induced hypomagnesaemia patients, and from 0.84 to 0.93 mmol/L in controls. As a consequence 24 h urinary Mg(2+) excretion was significantly increased in patients with PPI-induced hypomagnesaemia (0.3-2.2 mmol/day). Symptoms related to hypomagnesaemia, including muscle cramps and paraesthesia, were reduced during intervention with inulin. CONCLUSION Inulin increases serum Mg(2+) concentrations under PPI maintenance in patients with PPI-induced hypomagnesaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Hess
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Broekman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T M Bisseling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Haarhuis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - A Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Canisius-Wilhelmina-Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Te Morsche
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ghodrat A, Yaghobfar A, Ebrahimnezhad Y, Aghdam Shahryar H, Ghorbani A. In vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat bran and rice bran) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1124338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghodrat
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | | | - Yahya Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | - Habib Aghdam Shahryar
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
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Afoakwah NA, Dong Y, Zhao Y, Xiong Z, Owusu J, Wang Y, Zhang J. Characterization of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) powder and its application in emulsion-type sausage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dietary Inulin Fibers Prevent Proton-Pump Inhibitor (PPI)-Induced Hypocalcemia in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138881. [PMID: 26397986 PMCID: PMC4580428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proton-pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia (PPIH) is the most recognized side effect of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Additionally, PPIH is associated with hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. It is hypothesized that PPIs reduce epithelial proton secretion and thereby increase the pH in the colon, which may explain the reduced absorption of and Mg2+ and Ca2+. Fermentation of dietary oligofructose-enriched inulin fibers by the microflora leads to acidification of the intestinal lumen and by this enhances mineral uptake. This study aimed, therefore, to improve mineral absorption by application of dietary inulin to counteract PPIH. Methods Here, C57BL/J6 mice were supplemented with omeprazole and/or inulin. Subsequently, Mg2+ and Ca2+ homeostasis was assessed by means of serum, urine and fecal electrolyte measurements. Moreover, the mRNA levels of magnesiotropic and calciotropic genes were examined in the large intestine and kidney by real-time PCR. Results Treatment with omeprazole significantly reduced serum Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels. However, concomitant addition of dietary inulin fibers normalized serum Ca2+ but not serum Mg2+ concentrations. Inulin abolished enhanced expression of Trpv6 and S100g in the colon by omeprazole. Additionally, intestinal and renal mRNA levels of the Trpm6 gene were reduced after inulin intake. Conclusions This study suggests that dietary inulin counteracts reduced intestinal Ca2+ absorption upon PPI treatment. In contrast, inulin did not increase intestinal absorption of Mg2+ sufficiently to recover serum Mg2+. The clinical potential of dietary inulin treatment should be the subject of future studies.
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Yang L, He QS, Corscadden K, Udenigwe CC. The prospects of Jerusalem artichoke in functional food ingredients and bioenergy production. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 5:77-88. [PMID: 28626686 PMCID: PMC5466194 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke, a native plant to North America has recently been recognized as a promising biomass for bioeconomy development, with a number of advantages over conventional crops such as low input cultivation, high crop yield, wide adaptation to climatic and soil conditions and strong resistance to pests and plant diseases. A variety of bioproducts can be derived from Jerusalem artichoke, including inulin, fructose, natural fungicides, antioxidant and bioethanol. This paper provides an overview of the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, derivation of bioproducts and applicable production technologies, with an expectation to draw more attention on this valuable crop for its applications as biofuel, functional food and bioactive ingredient sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Yang
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Quan Sophia He
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Kenneth Corscadden
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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41
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The relevance of the colon to zinc nutrition. Nutrients 2015; 7:572-83. [PMID: 25594440 PMCID: PMC4303854 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, zinc deficiency is widespread, despite decades of research highlighting its negative effects on health, and in particular upon child health in low-income countries. Apart from inadequate dietary intake of bioavailable zinc, other significant contributors to zinc deficiency include the excessive intestinal loss of endogenously secreted zinc and impairment in small intestinal absorptive function. Such changes are likely to occur in children suffering from environmental (or tropical) enteropathy (EE)—an almost universal condition among inhabitants of developing countries characterized by morphologic and functional changes in the small intestine. Changes to the proximal gut in environmental enteropathy will likely influence the nature and amount of zinc delivered into the large intestine. Consequently, we reviewed the current literature to determine if colonic absorption of endogenous or exogenous (dietary) zinc could contribute to overall zinc nutriture. Whilst we found evidence that significant zinc absorption occurs in the rodent colon, and is favoured when microbially-fermentable carbohydrates (specifically resistant starch) are consumed, it is unclear whether this process occur in humans and/or to what degree. Constraints in study design in the few available studies may well have masked a possible colonic contribution to zinc nutrition. Furthermore these few available human studies have failed to include the actual target population that would benefit, namely infants affected by EE where zinc delivery to the colon may be increased and who are also at risk of zinc deficiency. In conducting this review we have not been able to confirm a colonic contribution to zinc absorption in humans. However, given the observations in rodents and that feeding resistant starch to children is feasible, definitive studies utilising the dual stable isotope method in children with EE should be undertaken.
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Toh JWT, Ong E, Wilson R. Hypomagnesaemia associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2014; 3:243-53. [PMID: 25138239 PMCID: PMC4527261 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gou054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesaemia and associated hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism have been increasingly recognised as rare long-term side-effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The PPIs may inhibit active magnesium (Mg) absorption by interfering with transcellular transient receptor potential melastatin-6 and -7 (TRPM 6 and 7) channels. More recent cell culture studies have suggested concomitant inhibition of passive Mg absorption by omeprazole. After being treated with a range of PPIs, the four patients in our case series developed hypomagnesaemia, which responded to withdrawal of therapy and initiation of Mg replacement. Their clinical course and management demonstrate key aspects of hypomagnesaemia associated with long-term use of PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wei Tatt Toh
- General Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Evonne Ong
- University of New South Wales Clinical School, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia and
| | - Robert Wilson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Knez M, Abbott C, Stangoulis JCR. Changes in the content of fructans and arabinoxylans during baking processes of leavened and unleavened breads. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lameris ALL, Hess MW, van Kruijsbergen I, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Omeprazole enhances the colonic expression of the Mg(2+) transporter TRPM6. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1613-20. [PMID: 23756852 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent blockers of gastric acid secretion, used by millions of patients suffering from gastric acid-related complaints. Although PPIs have an excellent safety profile, an increasing number of case reports describe patients with severe hypomagnesemia due to long-term PPI use. As there is no evidence of a renal Mg²⁺ leak, PPI-induced hypomagnesemia is hypothesized to result from intestinal malabsorption of Mg²⁺. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPIs on Mg ²⁺homeostasis in an in vivo mouse model. To this end, C57BL/6J mice were treated with omeprazole, under normal and low dietary Mg²⁺ availability. Omeprazole did not induce changes in serum Mg²⁺ levels (1.48 ± 0.05 and 1.54 ± 0.05 mmol/L in omeprazole-treated and control mice, respectively), urinary Mg²⁺ excretion (35 ± 3 μmol/24 h and 30 ± 4 μmol/24 h in omeprazole-treated and control mice, respectively), or fecal Mg²⁺ excretion (84 ± 4 μmol/24 h and 76 ± 4 μmol/24 h in omeprazole-treated and control mice, respectively) under any of the tested experimental conditions. However, omeprazole treatment did increase the mRNA expression level of the transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6), the predominant intestinal Mg²⁺ channel, in the colon (167 ± 15 and 100 ± 7 % in omeprazole-treated and control mice, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of the colonic H⁺,K⁺-ATPase (cHK-α), a homolog of the gastric H⁺,K⁺-ATPase that is the primary target of omeprazole, was also significantly increased (354 ± 43 and 100 ± 24 % in omeprazole-treated and control mice, respectively, P < 0.05). The expression levels of other magnesiotropic genes remained unchanged. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that omeprazole inhibits cHK-α activity, resulting in reduced extrusion of protons into the large intestine. Since TRPM6-mediated Mg²⁺absorption is stimulated by extracellular protons, this would diminish the rate of intestinal Mg²⁺ absorption. The increase of TRPM6 expression in the colon may compensate for the reduced TRPM6 currents, thereby normalizing intestinal Mg²⁺ absorption during omeprazole treatment in C57BL/6J mice, explaining unchanged serum, urine, and fecal Mg²⁺ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L L Lameris
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Raman M, Ambalam P, Kondepudi KK, Pithva S, Kothari C, Patel AT, Purama RK, Dave J, Vyas B. Potential of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics for management of colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:181-92. [PMID: 23511582 PMCID: PMC3669163 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm in USA. Escaping apoptosis and cell mutation are the prime hallmarks of cancer. It is apparent that balancing the network between DNA damage and DNA repair is critical in preventing carcinogenesis. One-third of cancers might be prevented by nutritious healthy diet, maintaining healthy weight and physical activity. In this review, an attempt is made to abridge the role of carcinogen in colorectal cancer establishment and prognosis, where special attention has been paid to food-borne mutagens and functional role of beneficial human gut microbiome in evading cancer. Further the significance of tailor-made prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in cancer management by bio-antimutagenic and desmutagenic activity has been elaborated. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a healthy benefit on the host. Prebiotics are a selectively fermentable non-digestible oligosaccharide or ingredient that brings specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microflora, conferring health benefits. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotic bacteria and the growth promoting prebiotic ingredients that purport "synergism."
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Raman
- Department of Biotechnology; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Chennai, India
| | - Padma Ambalam
- Department of Biotechnology; Christ College; Rajkot, India,Correspondence to: Padma Ambalam,
| | | | - Sheetal Pithva
- Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Biotechnology; Christ College; Rajkot, India
| | - Arti T. Patel
- SMC College of Dairy Science; Anand Agricultural University; Anand, India
| | | | | | - B.R.M. Vyas
- Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot, India
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Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S. The effects of whey protein on cardiometabolic risk factors. Obes Rev 2013; 14:324-43. [PMID: 23167434 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The health consequences of obesity are more dangerous when associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components. Studies show that whey protein and its bioactive components can promote greater benefits compared to other protein sources such as egg and casein. The aim of this paper is to review the effects of whey protein on cardiometabolic risk factors. Using PubMed as the database, a review was conducted to identify current scientific literature on whey protein and the components of the metabolic syndrome published between 1970 and 2012. Consumption of whey protein seems to play an anti-obesity and muscle-protective role during dieting by increasing thermogenesis and maintaining lean mass. In addition, whey protein has been shown to improve glucose levels and insulin response, promote a reduction in blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and improve lipid profile. The collective view of current scientific literature indicates that the consumption of whey protein may have beneficial effects on some symptoms of the metabolic syndrome as well as a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Perego S, Zabeo A, Marasco E, Giussani P, Fiorilli A, Tettamanti G, Ferraretto A. Casein phosphopeptides modulate calcium uptake and apoptosis in Caco2 cells through their interaction with the TRPV6 calcium channel. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Gopinath B, Flood VM, Rochtchina E, Baur LA, Smith W, Mitchell P. Influence of high glycemic index and glycemic load diets on blood pressure during adolescence. Hypertension 2012; 59:1272-7. [PMID: 22493075 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.190991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to prospectively examine the association between the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods consumed and the dietary intakes of carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and principal carbohydrate-containing food groups (eg, breads, cereals, and sugary drinks) with changes in blood pressure during adolescence. A total of 858 students aged 12 years at baseline (422 girls and 436 boys) were examined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2011. Dietary data were assessed from validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. In girls, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, parental education, parental history of hypertension, baseline height, baseline blood pressure, change in body mass index, and time spent in physical and sedentary activities, each 1-SD (1-SD = 7.10 g/d) increase in baseline dietary intake of total fiber was associated with a 0.96-, 0.62-, and 0.75-mmHg decrease in mean systolic (P = 0.02), diastolic (P = 0.01), and arterial blood pressures (P = 0.002), respectively, 5 years later. In girls, each 1-SD increase in dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, carbohydrate, and fructose was concurrently related to increases of 1.81 (P = 0.001), 4.02 (P = 0.01), 4.74 (P = 0.01), and 1.80 mm Hg (P = 0.03) in systolic blood pressure, respectively, >5 years. Significant associations between carbohydrate nutrition variables and blood pressure were not observed among boys. Excessive dietary intake of carbohydrates, specifically from high glycemic index/glycemic load foods, could adversely influence blood pressure, particularly in girls, whereas fiber-rich diets may be protective against elevated blood pressure during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Sharifi F, Mazloomi S, Hajihosseini R, Mazloomzadeh S. Serum magnesium concentrations in polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with insulin resistance. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:7-11. [PMID: 21696337 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.579663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been revealed that low serum magnesium (Mg) is often associated with insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known to have a high incidence of insulin resistance. This study was designed to determine whether women with PCOS exhibit serum magnesium deficiency and its potential association with IR. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 103 cases with PCOS and 103 normal women who were matched for their age and body mass index (BMI) were included. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, testosterone, dehydroepianderosterone sulfate, insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were measured. RESULTS The risk of PCOS for subjects with Mg deficiency was 19 times greater than those who had normal serum Mg concentrations (p ≤ 0.0001). No correlation was found between Mg and insulin sensitivity or secretion, FPG, dyslipidemias, and also androgen concentrations. After adjustment for calcium concentration the role of magnesium to predict PCOS attenuated and became non-significant (β:-1.9, p: 0.7). CONCLUSION The present study provides the first evidence showing that magnesium deficiency is not associated with IR in PCOS. According the evidences of this study, serum calcium concentration is more potent predictor of PCOS than serum Mg and only calcium, not Mg, is related to insulin resistance in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Sharifi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Belski R. Fiber, protein, and lupin-enriched foods: role for improving cardiovascular health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 66:147-215. [PMID: 22909980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394597-6.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally (World Health Organisation, 2011). Many of the risk factors for CVD are modifiable, including overweight and obesity. Numerous strategies have been proposed to fight CVD, with a special focus being placed on dietary interventions for weight management. The literature suggests that two nutrients, fiber and protein, may play significant roles in weight control and hence cardiovascular health. Increasing both protein and fiber in the diet can be difficult because popular low-carbohydrate and high-protein diets tend to have considerably low-fiber intakes (Slavin, 2005). One approach to obtain both is to develop functional foods using unique ingredients. Lupin flour is a novel food ingredient derived from the endosperm of lupin. It contains 40-45% protein, 25-30% fiber, and negligible sugar and starch (Petterson and Crosbie, 1990). Research conducted to date reveals that lupin-enriched foods, which are naturally high in protein and fiber, may have a significant effect on CVD risk factors. This review explores whether there is a role for fiber-, protein-, and lupin-enriched foods in improving cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Belski
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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