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Wang X, Zhou N, Gao XJ, Zhu Z, Sun M, Wang Q, Cao H, Wu X, Zhou C, Zheng Q, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Jiang J, Bu P, Gao L. Selective G6PDH inactivation for Helicobacter pylori eradication with transformed polysulfide. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2025; 68:1158-1173. [PMID: 39821832 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Alternative treatment for the highly prevalent Helicobacter pylori infection is imperative due to rising antibiotic resistance. We unexpectedly discovered that the anti-H. pylori component in garlic is hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n⩾2), not organic polysulfides. Studies on the mechanism of action (MoA) show that H2Sn specifically inactivates H. pylori glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) by interfering with electron transfer from glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). However, low H2Sn yield makes garlic derivatives hard to be a reliable donor of H2Sn to treat H. pylori infection. To address this challenge, we established a polysulfide transformation process from garlic organosulfur compounds into Fe3S4 that generates H2Sn with a 25-58 times increase in yield. Through chitosan encapsulation, we designed a gastric-adaptive H2Sn microreactor (GAPSR) that eradicates H. pylori with 250 times higher efficiency under gastric conditions. A single GAPSR achieves more rapid H. pylori eradication than combined antibiotics therapy without disturbing the gut microbiota. These findings indicate a distinct MoA transformation mediated by polysulfide as an alternative candidate to treat H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuejiao J Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Minmin Sun
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haolin Cao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuetong Wu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Caiyu Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingkang Zheng
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Chen
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
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Abdi S, Ataei S, Abroon M, Majma Sanaye P, Abbasinazari M, Farrokhian A. A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Complementary and Dietary Medicines in Eradicating Helicobacter pylori. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2022; 21:e127030. [PMID: 36060908 PMCID: PMC9420233 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates have become a global concern. The standard triple or quadruple therapies have recently become the most effective protocol for eradicating H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract. There is evidence regarding the impact of different complementary or dietary supplements on H. pylori eradication. This review article intended to search electronic bibliographic databases for any clinical studies that evaluated the use of any herbal or dietary supplements to eradicate H. pylori up to June 2021. A total of 20 human studies met our criteria and were reviewed. Although some herbal medicines have shown their efficacy and safety in eradicating H. pylori in different clinical trials, more randomized blind, placebo-controlled human trials with a large sample size must be performed to extend our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Abdi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ataei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maede Abroon
- School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abbasinazari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Farrokhian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 2660 Vali-e-Asr Aven., P. O. Box: 1991953381, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188873704, Fax: +98-2188873704,
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Zhou Y, Li X, Luo W, Zhu J, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Allicin in Digestive System Cancer: From Biological Effects to Clinical Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903259. [PMID: 35770084 PMCID: PMC9234177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is the main active ingredient in freshly-crushed garlic and some other allium plants, and its anticancer effect on cancers of digestive system has been confirmed in many studies. The aim of this review is to summarize epidemiological studies and in vitro and in vivo investigations on the anticancer effects of allicin and its secondary metabolites, as well as their biological functions. In epidemiological studies of esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and biliary tract cancer, the anticancer effect of garlic has been confirmed consistently. However, the results obtained from epidemiological studies in gastric cancer and colon cancer are inconsistent. In vitro studies demonstrated that allicin and its secondary metabolites play an antitumor role by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, controlling tumor invasion and metastasis, decreasing angiogenesis, suppressing Helicobacter pylori, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, and reducing the damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies further demonstrate that allicin and its secondary metabolites inhibit cancers of the digestive system. This review describes the mechanisms against cancers of digestive system and therapeutic potential of allicin and its secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingxuan Li
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyu Luo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Chang,
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Duque-Buitrago LF, Tornero-Martínez A, Loera-Castañeda V, Mora-Escobedo R. Use of food and food-derived products in the treatment of gastritis: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5771-5782. [PMID: 34989280 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastritis is the acute or chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa and is triggered by diverse factors. Treatments used for non-bacterial gastritis include proton pump inhibitors, histamine H2 receptor inhibitors, and antacids, and their use is linked to various side effects. Research on alternative therapeutics using food or food-based products is extensive, mostly in preclinical research. We aimed at documenting the clinical advances in food-based therapies as alternative therapeutics for gastritis. Articles with information on the treatment of gastritis with food or food-based products published until December 1, 2020 were identified through a systematic search in PubMed Medline Database. Additionally, references of retrieved articles were screened for relevant reviews and meta-analyses. Two investigators independently selected and reviewed the titles and abstracts of articles and extracted the study characteristics (PICO framework) and key findings. Dual quality assessment and data extraction were performed. We found 28 clinical studies evaluating garlic, turmeric, red peppers, broccoli sprouts, cranberry juice, honey, oils, and probiotics contained in different foods, such as juices, yogurt, and cheese. The existing literature presents a high risk of bias, and results of the same should be evaluated and replicated with precaution; more rigorous clinical studies are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Duque-Buitrago
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Calzada, Manuel Stampa. C.P, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - Antonio Tornero-Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Calzada, Manuel Stampa. C.P, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - Verónica Loera-Castañeda
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Regional Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Sigma #119, Fraccionamiento 20 de noviembre II, C.P.34220, Durango, México
| | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Calzada, Manuel Stampa. C.P, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
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Ullah H, Di Minno A, Santarcangelo C, Khan H, Xiao J, Arciola CR, Daglia M. Vegetable Extracts and Nutrients Useful in the Recovery from Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review on Clinical Trials. Molecules 2021; 26:2272. [PMID: 33919894 PMCID: PMC8070974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections affect almost half of the world's population, with gradually increasing incidence in developed countries. Eradication of H. pylori may provide significant benefits to the affected individual by healing a number of gastrointestinal and extra-digestive disorders. But due to increased microbial resistance and lack of patient adherence to the therapy, the eradication rate of H. pylori is below 80% with current pharmacological therapies. The usage of botanicals for their therapeutic purposes and medicinal properties have been increased in last decades. They can be use as alternative H. pylori treatments, especially against drug-resistant strains. Epidemiological studies have revealed that people with lower vegetable and micronutrient intake may be at increased risk of H. pylori infection. We have undertaken a review of clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of vegetable extracts and micronutrients in patients with H. pylori. Various databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for the articles published in English. A total of 24 clinical studies (15 for vegetable extracts and 9 for micronutrients) were selected to be reviewed and summarized in this article. Vegetable extracts (Broccoli sprouts, curcumin, Burdock complex, and Nigella sativa) and micronutrients (vitamin C and E) were not found to be as effective as single agents in H. pylori eradication, rather their efficacy synergized with conventional pharmacological therapies. Conversely, GutGard was found to be significantly effective as a single agent when compared to placebo control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; or
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specially Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.); (C.S.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
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Si XB, Zhang XM, Wang S, Lan Y, Zhang S, Huo LY. Allicin as add-on therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6025-6040. [PMID: 31660038 PMCID: PMC6815797 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i39.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allicin (2-propene-1-sulfinothioic acid S-2-propenyl ester, diallyl thiosulfinate) extracted from garlic, has proven activity against Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection. In recent years, clinical trials have explored its utility as an add-on therapy with variable outcomes reported. AIM To perform a systemic review of allicin as an add-on treatment for H. Pylori infection and assess its efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese VIP Information Databases, Chinese Medical Databases, and the Wan-Fang Database were searched for keywords including "allicin", "Helicobacter pylori", "randomized clinical trials", and their synonyms. A meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effects model for low heterogeneity and the random-effects model for high heterogeneity with sensitivity analysis. Bias was evaluated using Egger's tests. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to evaluate information size and treatment benefits. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the level of quality, and studies were classed as "high quality", "moderate quality", "low quality", and "very low quality". RESULTS A total of eight RCTs consisting of 867 participants (435 from the allicin group and 432 from the control group) were included. Eradication rate in the allicin group (93.33%, 406/435) was significantly higher than that of the control group (83.56%, 361/432) [I 2 = 0%, odds ratio (OR) = 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.74-4.35, P < 0.001]. The healing rate of ulcers following H. pylori therapy in the allicin group (86.17%, 349/405) was significantly higher than that of the control group (75.87%, 305/402) [I 2 = 0%, OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.39-3.03, P < 0.001]. The total remission rate of peptic ulcers across all allicin groups was 97.16%, which was significantly higher than that of controls [96.05% (389/405) vs 86.55% (360/402), I 2 = 0, OR = 3.04, 95%CI: 1.51-6.12, P = 0.015]. No significant differences in side effects were observed. TSA suggested that the trials were of sufficient standard to draw reliable conclusions. The quality of outcomes including eradication rates and side effects was graded as "very low" due to downgrades for "risk of bias" and "indirectness". Other outcomes such as ulcer healing rates and total ulcer remission rates were graded as "low" due to downgrades for "risk of bias". CONCLUSION Allicin as an add-on therapy improves H. pylori eradication, healing of ulcers, and remission of symptoms. These results are suggested to be treated with caution due to limited quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bei Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xu-Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lin-Yu Huo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing 100080, China
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Li Z, Ying X, Shan F, Ji J. The association of garlic with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12532. [PMID: 30155945 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic may be protective against Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer development. We conducted this study to quantitatively update evidence on garlic intake and gastric cancer with the inclusion of most recent cohort studies and qualitatively summarize epidemiological studies of garlic consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched on April 2018. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether garlic intake reduced gastric cancer risk using random-effect models and a systematic review to summarize evidence on the association between garlic consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection. Risk of bias was assessed using tools of Cochrane risk of bias and Robins-I for randomized and nonrandomized studies, respectively. RESULTS Meta-analysis of 18 studies (142 921 subjects) demonstrated high garlic consumption (as comparing the highest category to the lowest) was associated with a reduced gastric cancer risk (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.44-0.57). This association became nonsignificant if only derived from the prospective studies (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.66-1.24). Thirteen studies (4889 participants) were included in the systematic review for garlic consumption and Helicobacter pylori infection; ten of which found no significant results. The majority of these studies were poor in quality given the small sample size and high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Pooled evidence, mainly from case-control studies, suggested a significant inverse association of garlic intake with gastric cancer risk. Given the limitations of included studies, current epidemiological evidence is not sufficient to reach any definite conclusion regarding the association of garlic with Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangji Ying
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Knezevic P, Aleksic Sabo V, Simin N, Lesjak M, Mimica-Dukic N. A colorimetric broth microdilution method for assessment of Helicobacter pylori sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:271-278. [PMID: 29448222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major infective etiological agent of the upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. The bacterium exhibits resistance to various conventional antibiotics, being usually challenging for eradication. Since there is an urge to consider alternative therapeutic strategies, the aim of the study was to examine selected essential oils of plants belonging to families Cupressaceae (Juniperus communis) and Lamiaceae (Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus serpyllum) against H. pylori, using an improved microdilution broth method. The oils were examined in concentration range from 0.03 to 4 μL/mL. The method comprises Brain-heart infusion broth supplemented with yeast extract, horse serum and IsoVitaleX. After 3 day incubation, an equal volume of double strengthen Christensen's urea was added into each well and incubated for additional 4 h. In wells with present H. pylori, the medium changed color from yellow to purple, allowing MIC determination even without a microtitre plate reader. The microtitre format method is convenient as it is less expensive, easier to perform and requires less amount of an anti-H. pylori agent. The improved method enhances specificity to H. pylori, as fast urease activity is almost an exclusive property of this bacterium. The application of the second step incubation with Christensen's urea decreases the possibility of false positive/negative results due to contaminant growth or commonly poor H. pylori growth. Among the examined oils, J. communis, H. officinalis and O. basilicum were not active with the highest applied concentrations, while the most active was T. serpyllum, with MIC 2.0-4.0 μL/mL. This is the first report on essential oils activity of T. serpyllum and H. officinalis against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Knezevic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia.
| | - Verica Aleksic Sabo
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Natasa Simin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Marija Lesjak
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Neda Mimica-Dukic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21 000 Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia
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9
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Wan K, Wang P, Zhang L. In vivo and in vitro activity of oil extract of garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus) against Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:126-129. [PMID: 28327815 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0301-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The activity of garlic oil extract against Schistosoma japonicum cercariae was evaluated. METHODS: The in vitro and in vivo cercaricidal activities against S. japonicum larvae were determined. RESULTS: Exposure to ≥ 10-6 (v/v) garlic emulsions for 30 min led to 100% cercariae mortality; pre-exposure treatment with ≥ 10-4 (v/v) garlic emulsions showed 100% preventive efficacy against S. japonicum infection, while pre-treatment with 10-5 and 10-6 (v/v) emulsions achieved 20%-40% preventive efficacy and 35.2%-63.6% worm burden reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Garlic oil extract has activity against S. japonicum larvae and a promising preventive efficacy against S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wan
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Leibo Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shmuely H, Domniz N, Yahav J. Non-pharmacological treatment of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:171-178. [PMID: 27158532 PMCID: PMC4848239 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many food and plant extracts have shown in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity, but are less effective in vivo. The anti-H. pylori effects of these extracts are mainly permeabilitization of the membrane, anti-adhesion, inhibition of bacterial enzymes and bacterial grown. We, herein, review treatment effects of cranberry, garlic, curcumin, ginger and pistacia gum against H. pylori in both in vitro, animal studies and in vivo studies.
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Yazbek PB, Trindade AB, Chin CM, Dos Santos JL. Challenges to the Treatment and New Perspectives for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2901-12. [PMID: 25999247 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the leading causes of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The current treatment of H. pylori infection with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors has several limitations, including poor adherence and intrinsic patient-related factors, drug resistance, and the absence of adequate treatments. This review summarizes the current therapeutic approaches to eradicating H. pylori, the difficulties associated with its treatment, and several new perspectives aimed at improving existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Baptistella Yazbek
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ariane Biolcati Trindade
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
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Parreira P, Fátima Duarte M, Reis CA, Martins MCL. Helicobacter pylori infection: A brief overview on alternative natural treatments to conventional therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:94-105. [PMID: 24606042 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.892055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen considered as the etiologic agent of several gastric disorders, that may range from chronic gastritis to more severe outcomes, including gastric cancer. The current therapeutic scheme relies on the combination of several pharmacological substances, namely antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. However, the cure rates obtained have been declining over the years, mostly due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In this context, the use of non-antibiotic substances is of the utmost importance regarding H. pylori eradication. In this review, we present different classes of compounds obtained from natural sources that have shown to present anti-H. pylori potential; we briefly highlight their possible use in the context of developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Parreira
- a Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo , Rua Pedro Soares, Beja , Portugal
| | - M Fátima Duarte
- a Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo , Rua Pedro Soares, Beja , Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- b Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,c Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal .,d Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal , and
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- d Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal , and.,e Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Ayala G, Escobedo-Hinojosa WI, Cruz-Herrera CFDL, Romero I. Exploring alternative treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1450-1469. [PMID: 24587621 PMCID: PMC3925854 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a successful pathogen that can persist in the stomach of an infected person for their entire life. It provokes chronic gastric inflammation that leads to the development of serious gastric diseases such as peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. It is known that these ailments can be avoided if the infection by the bacteria can be prevented or eradicated. Currently, numerous antibiotic-based therapies are available. However, these therapies have several inherent problems, including the appearance of resistance to the antibiotics used and associated adverse effects, the risk of re-infection and the high cost of antibiotic therapy. The delay in developing a vaccine to prevent or eradicate the infection has furthered research into new therapeutic approaches. This review summarises the most relevant recent studies on vaccine development and new treatments using natural resources such as plants, probiotics and nutraceuticals. In addition, novel alternatives based on microorganisms, peptides, polysaccharides, and intragastric violet light irradiation are presented. Alternative therapies have not been effective in eradicating the bacteria but have been shown to maintain low bacterial levels. Nevertheless, some of them are useful in preventing the adverse effects of antibiotics, modulating the immune response, gastroprotection, and the general promotion of health. Therefore, those agents can be used as adjuvants of allopathic anti-H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakrabort S, Saminathan M, Kumar A, Karthik K, Wani MY, . A, Singh SV, Rahal A. Evidence Based Antibacterial Potentials of Medicinal Plants and Herbs Countering Bacterial Pathogens Especially in the Era of Emerging Drug Resistance: An Integrated Update. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Castro M, Romero C, de Castro A, Vargas J, Medina E, Millán R, Brenes M. Assessment of Helicobacter pylori eradication by virgin olive oil. Helicobacter 2012; 17:305-11. [PMID: 22759331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study conducted by Medina et al. disclosed that virgin olive oil has a bactericidal effect in vitro against Helicobacter pylori because of its contents of certain phenolic compounds with dialdehydic structures. We carried out two clinical trials to evaluate the effect of virgin olive oil on H. pylori-infected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different pilot studies were performed with 60 H. pylori-infected adults. In the first study, thirty subjects who tested positive for H. pylori received 30 g of washed virgin olive oil for 14 days, and after 1 month, the patients took 30 g of unwashed virgin olive oil for another 14 days. In a second study, a group of 30 subjects received 30 g of a different virgin olive oil for 14 days. Helicobacter pylori-infection status was checked by the urea breath test. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 8 of 30 individuals when microorganism status was checked after 4-6 weeks from the first clinical intervention although 12 of 30 individuals did not show H. pylori infection at 24-72 hour of the last oil dose. Eradication rates were 27 and 40% by intention to treat and per protocol, respectively. Moreover, only 3 of 30 individuals were H. pylori negative after 4-6 weeks from the second clinical intervention but 5 of 30 were negative at 24-72 hour of the last oil dose. Eradication rates were 10 and 11% by intention to treat and per protocol, respectively. It must also be noted that 13 subjects withdrew from the studies because of taste and nausea drawbacks. CONCLUSIONS The administration of virgin olive oil showed moderate effectiveness in eradicating H. pylori. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, especially with longer periods, different administration conditions, and several types of olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castro
- Unidad de Aparato Digestivo y Unidad de Microbiología-CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Caretera de cádiz, s/n. 41014-Seville, Spain
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Costa M, Costa P, Silva J, Maia R, Moreira J, Carvalho R. Utilização do óleo de alho e da amoxilina, metronidazol e omeprazol no controle de Helicobacter spp. em cães. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se a eficácia do óleo de alho e da terapia tripla (amoxicilina, metronidazol e omeprazol) no tratamento de 21 cães infectados por Helicobacter spp., que apresentavam alterações histológicas nas biopsias endoscópicas da mucosa gástrica e reação positiva ao teste de urease. Os animais foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em três grupos de sete cães, os quais receberam os seguintes tratamentos: grupo 1 - cápsulas vazias; grupo 2 - 500mg de óleo de alho em cápsulas, diariamente, por um período de 30 dias; grupo 3 - amoxicilina, metronidazol e omeprazol, respectivamente, nas doses de 20mg/kg a cada 12 horas, 25mg/kg e 20mg/kg a cada 24 horas, durante 15 dias. Ao final dos tratamentos, os cães foram submetidos à endoscopia com realização de biopsias da mucosa gástrica. O tratamento com amoxicilina, metronidazol e omeprazol resultou em erradicação de Helicobacter spp. tanto na região fúndica quanto na pilórica. No grupo 2, houve redução da degeneração glandular na região fúndica em dois animais e em outros dois na pilórica. O tratamento com óleo de alho não foi eficaz em erradicar Helicobacter spp., apenas reduziu a sua colonização em quatro dos animais tratados.
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Kaefer CM, Milner JA. The role of herbs and spices in cancer prevention. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:347-61. [PMID: 18499033 PMCID: PMC2771684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Historically, herbs and spices have enjoyed a rich tradition of use for their flavor enhancement characteristics and for their medicinal properties. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide and the corresponding rise in health care costs is propelling interest among researchers and the public for multiple health benefits related to these food items, including a reduction in cancer risk and modification of tumor behavior. A growing body of epidemiological and preclinical evidence points to culinary herbs and spices as minor dietary constituents with multiple anticancer characteristics. This review focuses on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumorigenic properties of herbs and spices; their ability to influence carcinogen bioactivation; and likely anticancer contributions. While culinary herbs and spices present intriguing possibilities for health promotion, more complete information is needed about the actual exposures to dietary components that are needed to bring about a response and the molecular target(s) for specific herbs and spices. Only after this information is obtained will it be possible to define appropriate intervention strategies to achieve maximum benefits from herbs and spices without eliciting ill consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Kaefer
- Nutritional Science Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Gao Y, Tang W, Gao H, Chan E, Lan J, Li X, Zhou S. Antimicrobial Activity of the Medicinal MushroomGanoderma. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-200051893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihuai Gao
- a Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Wenbo Tang
- b New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicines , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - He Gao
- b New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicines , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Eli Chan
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jin Lan
- b New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicines , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Xiaotian Li
- d Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine , The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science , National University of Singapore , Singapore
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19
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Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother Res 2007; 21:308-23. [PMID: 17199238 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils and their volatile constituents are used widely to prevent and treat human disease. The possible role and mode of action of these natural products is discussed with regard to the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and thrombosis, as well as their bioactivity as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidants and antidiabetic agents. Their application as natural skin penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery and the therapeutic properties of essential oils in aroma and massage therapy will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr E Edris
- Aroma and Flavor Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, El Behose Street, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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20
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. HAM, . WAH, . NMM. Microbial Ecology of Dental Plaques of Jordanian Patients and Inhibitory Effects of Allium sativum and Allium cepa L. Extracts. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2006.650.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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da Mota Menezes V, Atallah AN, Lapa AJ, Catapani WR. Assessing the therapeutic use of Lafoensia pacari St. Hil. extract (mangava-brava) in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: double-blind randomized clinical trial. Helicobacter 2006; 11:188-95. [PMID: 16684267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eradication of Helicobacter pylori is easily achieved by combining antisecretory agents and antibiotics; however, the cost of these associations is very high for the population of Third World countries, where the prevalence of the infection is even higher and leads to markedly reduced treatment effectiveness. We tested a plant (Lafoensia pacari) that is used in the central region of Brazil. According to previous studies, this plant has high concentrations of ellagic acid, which presents gastric antisecretory and antibacterial actions. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred dyspeptic, urease-positive patients were randomized to receive 500 mg of methanolic extract of L. pacari (n = 55) or placebo (n = 45), for 14 days, in a double-blind clinical trial. The main variables assessed were the eradication of H. pylori 8 weeks after the intervention and complete symptom relief at the end of the treatment. RESULTS The examinations (urease and histology) showed persistence of H. pylori in 100% of participants. Complete symptom relief was experienced by 42.5% of patients (95% CI: 29.4-55.8) in the intervention group and by 21% (95% CI: 8.8-33.1) in the control group, p = .020. The side-effects were minimal and similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The extract of L. pacari as a single agent was not effective to eradicate H. pylori. However, it was well tolerated and many participants reported relief of symptoms. Future studies may test the agent using larger doses and longer periods, in monotherapy or in combination with antibiotics.
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Abstract
Despite years of experience with Helicobacter pylori treatment, the ideal regimen for treating the infection has not been found. The most effective eradication treatment is the combination of a proton pump inhibitor with antibiotics, but 10-20% of the patients fail to obtain eradication of the infection. Antibiotic resistance is a major factor affecting the outcome of treatment. Non-antibiotic therapies, including phytomedicines, probiotics, and antioxidants, have been increasingly investigated as potential alternatives for the treatment of H. pylori. In this article, we review the non-antibiotic therapies for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra M Kamiji
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil.
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Zullo A, Hassan C, Campo SMA, Morini S. Evolving therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.14.10.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fahey JW, Muñoz A, Matsuzaki Y, Suzuki H, Talalay P, Tauchi M, Zhang S, Hurt C, Yanaka A. Dietary Amelioration of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Design Criteria for a Clinical Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.1610.13.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The longitudinal stability of the urea breath test (UBT), which measures urease as a biomarker for infection with Helicobacter pylori (a major risk factor for gastric cancer), was evaluated in the environs of Tsukuba, Japan. 13C-UBT measurements were monitored at four time points in 46 free-living, H. pylori–infected, asymptomatic volunteers over a period of 7 weeks. Subjects were asked to refrain from eating cruciferous vegetables, which might confound interpretation of results. Their compliance was monitored using both dietary records and direct biochemical testing of overnight urine. There was large between-subject UBT variation in this population (logUBT mean, 3.34; SD, 0.67). Within-subject (longitudinal) UBT values were remarkably stable in about one-quarter of the subjects (coefficients of variations for these individuals were <21%), whereas coefficients of variations in the highest quartile of variability ranged from 40% to 80%. About half of the sequential UBTs (63 of 138 such measurement pairs) changed >10‰ “delta over baseline” between measurements. This study provides the elements to optimize the design of a clinical trial in this population to examine the efficacy of a dietary intervention to reduce H. pylori infection. The number of subjects required to detect a 30% difference in average UBT value is highly dependent on the baseline stability of UBT measurements. For the least variable quartile, as few as 12 subjects would be needed; for the most variable quartile, at least 147 subjects would be required in each arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed W. Fahey
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and
- 2Center for Human Nutrition and
| | - Alvaro Muñoz
- 3Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland and
| | - Yasushi Matsuzaki
- 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Paul Talalay
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and
- 2Center for Human Nutrition and
| | - Masafumi Tauchi
- 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Songhua Zhang
- 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Christopher Hurt
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and
| | - Akinori Yanaka
- 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
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Bergonzelli GE, Donnicola D, Porta N, Corthésy-Theulaz IE. Essential oils as components of a diet-based approach to management of Helicobacter infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 47:3240-6. [PMID: 14506036 PMCID: PMC201172 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.10.3240-3246.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased density of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa can be associated with more severe gastritis and an increased incidence of peptic ulcers. Therefore, people with asymptomatic gastritis would certainly benefit from a nutritional approach to help them manage the infection and therefore decrease the risk of development of associated pathologies. We analyzed the activities of 60 essential oils against H. pylori P1 and identified 30 oils that affected growth, with in vitro inhibition zones ranging between 0.7 and 6.3 cm in diameter. We further analyzed the effects of 16 oils with different activities on H. pylori P1 viability. Fifteen showed strong bactericidal activities, with minimal bactericidal concentrations after 24 h ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 g/liter at pH 7.4. Even though slight variations in activities were observed, the essential oils that displayed the strongest bactericidal potentials against H. pylori P1 were also active against other Helicobacter strains tested. Among the pure constituents of different essential oils tested, carvacrol, isoeugenol, nerol, citral, and sabinene exhibited the strongest anti-H. pylori activities. Although oral treatment of H. pylori SS1-infected mice with carrot seed oil did not result in significant decreases in the bacterial loads in the treated animals compared to those in the control animals, in all experiments performed, the infection was cleared in 20 to 30% of carrot seed oil-treated animals. Our results indicate that essential oils are unlikely to be efficient anti-Helicobacter agents in vivo. However, their effects may not be irrelevant if one plans to use them as food additives to complement present therapies.
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Haristoy X, Angioi-Duprez K, Duprez A, Lozniewski A. Efficacy of sulforaphane in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in human gastric xenografts implanted in nude mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 47:3982-4. [PMID: 14638516 PMCID: PMC296232 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.12.3982-3984.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate abundant in the form of its glucosinolate precursor in broccoli sprouts, has shown in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori. We evaluated the effect of sulforaphane in vivo against this bacterium by using human gastric xenografts in nude mice. H. pylori was completely eradicated in 8 of the 11 sulforaphane-treated grafts. This result suggests that sulforaphane might be beneficial in the treatment of H. pylori-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Haristoy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, UMR CNRS 75-65, Faculté de Médecine, Université Henri-Poincaré, Vandaeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Abstract
Thousands of chemical structures have been identified in plant foods. Many are found in spices. Typically, spices are the dried aromatic parts of plants-generally the seeds, berries, roots, pods, and sometimes leaves-that mainly, but not invariably, grow in hot countries. Given the wide range of botanical species and plant parts from which spices are derived, they can contribute significant variety and complexity to the human diet. In the past, the medicinal uses of spices and herbs were often indistinguishable from their culinary uses, and for good reason: people have recognized for centuries both the inherent value, as well as the potential toxicity, of phytochemicals in relation to human health. Plants have the capacity to synthesize a diverse array of chemicals, and understanding how phytochemicals function in plants may further our understanding of the mechanisms by which they benefit humans. In plants, these compounds function to attract beneficial and repel harmful organisms, serve as photoprotectants, and respond to environmental changes. In humans, they can have complementary and overlapping actions, including antioxidant effects, modulation of detoxification enzymes, stimulation of the immune system, reduction of inflammation, modulation of steroid metabolism, and antibacterial and antiviral effects. Embracing a cuisine rich in spice, as well as in fruit and vegetables, may further enhance the chemopreventive capacity of one's diet.
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