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Paizanni Guillén A, Bautista E, Morales-Jiménez J, Douterlungne D. Aristolochia species (Aristolochiaceae) from the Americas, a review of their traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2025; 183:106549. [PMID: 40268253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Aristolochia is a pantropical genus with important pharmacological properties. Despite making up 75 % of the global Aristolochia, the species from the Americas have received comparatively little research attention. Here, we exhaustively review the ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of Aristolochia species from the Americas, based upon 238 literature references and specimen vouchers of 28 Americas herbaria. The resulting database encompasses 919 records on 95 Aristolochia species with 129 documented traditional medicinal uses. South America and Mexico displayed the highest prevalence of traditional medicinal uses at the regional and national levels, respectively. The most recurrent medicinal uses included treatments against poisonous animals (17.6 %), gastrointestinal diseases (15.1 %), and gynecological diseases (9.89 %). American Aristolochia species produce secondary metabolites such as lignans, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, isoquinoline and protopine type alkaloids, aristolactams, and aristolochic acids that have been shown to have substantial therapeutic potential. These compounds exhibit various properties, such as neurotrophic effects, inhibition of myotoxicity, anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities, relaxation of the tracheal muscle, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal activity and, antispasmodic effects. However, in vivo and toxicity tests remain scarce. For example, less than 5 % of the publications focus on isolating aristolochic acids, known for their association with nephropathy and urothelial cancer. We found no instances of hazardous or fatal incidents resulting from traditional uses, despite their known toxicity. This is likely because traditional healers are aware of the hazards and dosage quantities. Finally, we identified crucial future directions for Aristolochia studies based on promising bioprospecting studies; relatively understudied infrageneric groups; poorly known traditional uses, and species-specific chemical compounds without further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paizanni Guillén
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. (IPICyT), Department of Environmental Sciences, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Elihú Bautista
- SECIHTI Research Fellow - Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. (IPICYT), Department of Molecular Biology, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Jesús Morales-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Limnobiology and Aquaculture, Department of the Human and its Environment, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Xochimilco, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Douterlungne
- SECIHTI Research Fellow - Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C. (IPICYT), Department of Environmental Sciences, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Espíndola-Rodríguez NH, Muñoz-Cázares N, Serralta-Peraza LEDS, Díaz-Nuñez JL, Montoya-Reyes F, García-Contreras R, Díaz-Guerrero M, Rivera-Chávez JA, Gutiérrez J, Sotelo-Barrera M, Castillo-Juárez I. Antivirulence and antipathogenic activity of Mayan herbal remedies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118373. [PMID: 38782309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Yucatan Peninsula has a privileged wealth of vascular plants with which various Mayan herbal formulations have been developed. However, studies on their antipathogenic and antivirulence properties are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY Identify antivirulence properties in Mayan herbal remedies and determine their antipathogenic capacity in burn wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical study was conducted in Mayan communities in central and southern Quintana Roo, Mexico. Furthermore, the antipathogenic capacity of three Mayan herbal remedies was analyzed using an animal model of thermal damage and P. aeruginosa infection. Antivirulence properties were determined by inhibiting phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing (pyocyanin, biofilm, and swarming) and by the secretion of the ExoU toxin. The chemical composition of the most active herbal remedy was analyzed using molecular network analysis. RESULTS It was found that topical administration of the remedy called "herbal soap" (HS) for eleven days maintained 100% survival of the animals, reduced establishment of the bacteria in the burn and prevented its systemic dispersion. Although no curative effect was recorded on tissue damaged by HS treatment, its herbal composition strongly reduced swarming and ExoU secretion. Through analysis of Molecular Networks, it was possible to carry out a global study of its chemical components, and identify the family of oxindole monoterpenoid alkaloids and carboline and tetrahydropyrididole alkaloids. In addition, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and quinic acid derivatives were detected. CONCLUSIONS The antipathogenic and antivirulence capacity of ancient Mayan remedies makes them a potential resource for developing new antibacterial therapies to treat burns infected by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Heidi Espíndola-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Naybi Muñoz-Cázares
- Campo Experimental Chetumal, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Quintana Roo, 77963, Mexico; Investigadora Posdoctoral CONAHCYT Comisionada al Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Tabasco, Cárdenas, Tabasco, C. P. 86500, Mexico.
| | | | - José Luis Díaz-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Montoya-Reyes
- Campo Experimental Chetumal, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Quintana Roo, 77963, Mexico.
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Díaz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - José Alberto Rivera-Chávez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez
- Área de Biología, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Mireya Sotelo-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230, Mexico; Conahcyt-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184, Mexico.
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KITIC D, MILADINOVIC B, RANDJELOVIC M, FAGOONEE S, POPA D, CALINA D, SHARIFI-RAD J. Alvaradoin E: an update of its anticancer potential and mechanisms of action. MINERVA BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH 2024; 35. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-542x.23.03035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Muñoz-Cázares N, Peña-González MC, Castillo-Juárez I, Díaz-Núñez JL, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Exploring the anti-virulence potential of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine to treat bacterial infections. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116783. [PMID: 37321428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE While the antimicrobial activity of a number of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine against infectious diseases has been documented, their potential to inhibit quorum sensing (QS) as means of discovering novel anti-virulence agents remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-virulence potential of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine by determining their inhibition of QS- regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS A group of plants used in traditional Mayan medicine against infectious diseases was selected, and their methanolic extracts were evaluated at 10 mg/mL for their antibacterial and anti-virulence activity using the reference strain P. aeruginosa PA14WT. The broth microdilution method was used to determine antibacterial activity (MIC), while anti-virulence activity was evaluated by measuring the anti-biofilm effect and the inhibition of pyocyanin and protease activities. The most bioactive extract was fractionated using a liquid-liquid partition procedure and the semipurified fractions were evaluated at 5 mg/mL for antibacterial and anti-virulence activity. RESULTS Seventeen Mayan medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infection-associated diseases were selected. None of the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, whereas anti-virulence activity was detected in extracts of Bonellia flammea, Bursera simaruba, Capraria biflora, Ceiba aesculifolia, Cissampelos pareira and Colubrina yucatanensis. The most active extracts (74% and 69% inhibition) against biofilm formation were from C. aesculifolia (bark) and C. yucatanensis (root), respectively. Alternatively, the extracts of B. flammea (root), B. simaruba (bark), C. pareira (root), and C. biflora (root), reduced pyocyanin and protease production (50-84% and 30-58%, respectively). Fractionation of the bioactive root extract of C. yucatanensis allowed the identification of two semipurified fractions with anti-virulence activity. CONCLUSIONS The anti-virulence activity detected in the crude extracts of B. flammea, B. simaruba, C. biflora, C. aesculifolia, C. pareira, and C. yucatanensis, confirms the efficacy and traditional use of these medicinal plants against infectious diseases. The activity of the extract and semipurified fractions of C. yucatanensis indicates the presence of hydrophilic metabolites capable of interfering with QS in P. aeruginosa. This study represents the first report of Mayan medicinal plants with anti-QS properties and suggests they represent an important source of novel anti-virulence agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naybi Muñoz-Cázares
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Maria Claudia Peña-González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Aplicación de Fitoquímicos Bioactivos, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Jose Luis Díaz-Núñez
- Catedrático COMECYT-Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Islas-Garduño AL, Romero-Cerecero O, Jiménez-Aparicio AR, Tortoriello J, Montiel-Ruiz RM, González-Cortazar M, Zamilpa A. Pharmacological and Chemical Analysis of Bauhinia divaricata L. Using an In Vitro Antiadipogenic Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3799. [PMID: 38005696 PMCID: PMC10674420 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive and abnormal accumulation of fat. According to the 2022 National Health and Nutrition Survey, in Mexico, the prevalence of overweight and obesity-diagnosed if one's body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2-in adults was 75.2%. A strong association between the amount of visceral fat and diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II has been recognized. Species of the Bauhinia genus have lipid-lowering and antidiabetic properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the lipolytic and antiadipogenic activity of Bauhinia divaricata L. in 3T3-L1 cells and to identify the major compounds in the bioactive treatments. The extraction of aerial parts allowed us to obtain hexanic (BdHex), ethyl acetate (BdEAc), and hydroalcoholic (BdHA) extracts. Lipid levels were measured in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes. Our evaluation of cell viability identified an IC50 > 1000 μg/mL in all the extracts, and our evaluation of the antiadipogenic activity indicated that there was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the accumulation of lipids with hydroalcoholic (60%) and ethyl acetate (75%) extracts of B. divaricate compared with metformin at 30 mM (65%). The major compounds identified in these extracts were as follows: triacetin (1), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acetate (2), (3E)-2-methyl-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl)-3-buten-2-ol (3), 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (4), (3R)-3-hydroxydodecanoic acid (5), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (6), and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (7). Some of these naturally occurring compounds have been related to the anti-obesity effects of other medicinal plants; therefore, these compounds isolated from B. divaricata could be responsible for inhibiting the differentiation process from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Islas-Garduño
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62739, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Ofelia Romero-Cerecero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | | | - Jaime Tortoriello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Rosa Mariana Montiel-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Manases González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico; (O.R.-C.); (J.T.); (R.M.M.-R.); (M.G.-C.)
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Salazar-Gómez A, Velo-Silvestre AA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Hernández-Zimbrón LF. Medicinal Plants Used for Eye Conditions in Mexico-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1432. [PMID: 37895904 PMCID: PMC10610470 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been historically significant for treating common human diseases in Mexico. Although some ethnobotanical research exists, limited ethnomedicinal data has documented medicinal plants employed for eye health. This review focuses on ethnomedicinal information and preclinical and clinical studies regarding medicinal plants used in Mexico for treating symptoms associated with eye conditions. An electronic database search was conducted by consulting scientific articles, books about Mexican herbal medicine, and academic theses. This work recorded 69 plant species belonging to 26 plant families, especially plants from the Crassulaceae family, which are used as remedies for irritation and infections in the eye. Eight of these medicinal plants have been the subject of preclinical studies using ocular models, and one medicinal plant has been tested in clinical trials. The evidence of pharmacological effects indicates the promising therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants for developing new treatments for eye conditions. However, toxicological studies are necessary to ensure safe application to the eye, particularly as traditional medicine continues to be relied upon worldwide. In addition, this review highlights the need to perform ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies in Mexico regarding the medicinal flora used as remedies for eye conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Optomtería, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
| | - Amabile A. Velo-Silvestre
- Clínica de Optometría, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
| | - Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36250, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Hernández-Zimbrón
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Optomtería, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
- Clínica de Optometría, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
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Mohamed AS, Abd El Dayem OY, El Shamy AM, El Sakhawy FS, El Gedaily RA. Comparative antisickling and antioxidant activities of Pseudobombax ellipticum cultivars in relation to their metabolite profiling using LC/MS. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21327-21335. [PMID: 37456543 PMCID: PMC10348089 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudobombax ellipticum is native to South America and is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal benefits. The plant is used traditionally in respiratory disorders such as dry cough, in the treatment of fever and stomach pain, and as an antimicrobial and analgesic. The antisickling and antioxidant effects of the flowers of P. ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand (red) and P. ellipticum cultivar alba (white) were compared using an in vitro assay in 2% sodium metabisulfite sickling induction model, DPPH, and metal chelation assays. Both red and white flowers exhibited antioxidant and antisickling activities. In DPPH assay, lower IC50 (34.89 ± 0.98 and 53.28 ± 1.14 μg mL-1) in red and white flowers respectively were detected relative to Trolox as a positive control (56.82 ± 0.87 μg mL-1). Comparable metal chelation activity (81.4 and 77.8 μM EDTA equivalent/mg) was detected in red and white flowers of both cultivars respectively. The average readings of the "reversal of sickling test "revealed a decrease in sickling percent from 49% to 15% in red flowers and to 18% in white flowers. Also, polymerization inhibition rate was increased from 0.34 to 1 and to 0.92 in red and white flowers respectively. Total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins were quantified in red and white flowers as (163.9, 43.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), (71.92, 34.5 mg rutin equivalent/g extract) and (127.0, 85.9 mg pelargonidine-3-mono glucoside equivalent/kg extract), respectively. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was further employed for detection and identification of anthocyanins in flower extracts. Eight new anthocyanins were identified for the first time in genus Pseudobombax. These results reveal the potential role for both red and white flower extracts as possible antisickling agents in sickle cell anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Omnia Y Abd El Dayem
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Al-Saray St. El Manial Cairo 11956 Egypt
| | - Ali M El Shamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Fatma S El Sakhawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Rania A El Gedaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr Al-Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
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Arceo-Gómez TM, Robles-Díaz E, Manrique-Ortega MD, Martínez-Campos ÁR, Aragón-Gastélum JL, Aguirre-Crespo FJ, Ramírez-Albores JE, Pérez-Suárez M, Robles R, Reyes-Trujeque J, Can-Estrada AA, Gutiérrez-Alcántara EJ, Sánchez-Soto BH, Zamora-Crescencio P. Pre-Germinative Treatments and Morphophysiological Traits in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Piscidia piscipula (Fabaceae) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2844. [PMID: 36365297 PMCID: PMC9658135 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Piscidia piscipula are two important tree Fabaceae species distributed from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Our aims were focused on the E. cyclocarpum and P. piscipula seeds for: (1) to examine the seed permeability and imbibition rate, (2) to evaluate the effect of seed pre-germinative treatments, and (3) to characterize the structures involved on the presence of physical dormancy (PY). We used fresh seeds to determine seed permeability and imbibition rate, seed viability by means of tetrazolium test, furthermore, we applied mechanical scarification and boiler shocks for 5 s, 10 s and 15 s treatments. Morphological characterization of the seed coat was by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Seed viability in E. cyclocarpum and P. piscipula were 100% and 96%, respectively. Seed permeability and imbibition rate in E. cyclocarpum were low. The highest germination in E. cyclocarpum was in the mechanical scarification (92%), while in P. piscipula, this parameter was in the 10 s boiling water treatment (76.0%). The presence of PY was confirmed in both species because they showed low seed permeability, and imbibition rate; furthermore, exhibited macrosclereids cells. The present research seeks to promote the sustainable use of E. cyclocarpum and P. piscipula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Martín Arceo-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Erika Robles-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Mayra D. Manrique-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroes de Nacozari No. 480, Campus 6 de Investigaciones, Campeche C.P. 24070, Mexico
| | - Ángel Roberto Martínez-Campos
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 15.5, El Cerrillo-Piedras Blancas, Toluca de Lerdo C.P. 50295, Mexico
| | - José Luis Aragón-Gastélum
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Aguirre-Crespo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Jorge E. Ramírez-Albores
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro No. 1923, Colonia Buenavista, Saltillo C.P. 25315, Mexico
| | - Marlín Pérez-Suárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 15.5, El Cerrillo-Piedras Blancas, Toluca de Lerdo C.P. 50295, Mexico
| | - Rafael Robles
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Javier Reyes-Trujeque
- Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroes de Nacozari No. 480, Campus 6 de Investigaciones, Campeche C.P. 24070, Mexico
| | - Aarón A. Can-Estrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Eduardo J. Gutiérrez-Alcántara
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Predio s/n Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento, Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia Ex Hacienda Kalá, Campeche C.P. 24085, Mexico
| | - Bardo H. Sánchez-Soto
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional los Mochis, Boulevard Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional México 15, Los Mochis C.P. 81223, Mexico
| | - Pedro Zamora-Crescencio
- Centro de Investigaciones Históricas y Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Avenida Agustín Melgar s/n entre Calle 20 y Juan de la Barrera, Colonia Buenavista, Campeche C.P. 24039, Mexico
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Uc-Cachón AH, Dzul-Beh ADJ, Palma-Pech GA, Jiménez-Delgadillo B, Flores-Guido JS, Gracida-Osorno C, Molina-Salinas GM. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Mayan medicinal plants against Methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114369. [PMID: 34186100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several medicinal plants are used in Mayan Traditional Medicine to treat skin, urinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infectious diseases. However, scientific studies that have supported the bioactivity of these Mayan medicinal plants are limited. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the in-vitro anti-Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm-formation activities of 15 Mayan medicinal plants that were selected based on their traditional uses for the treatment of infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mayan medicinal plants used traditionally to treat infectious diseases were preselected. For each part of the plants, four extracts were prepared with different solvents (water, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). These were tested against two reference strains: a Methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus, and two clinical isolates, including a susceptible and multidrug-resistant S. aureus using a Resazurin Microtiter Assay. In addition, the plant extracts were evaluated in biofilm-formation inhibition on S. aureus by means of the Crystal Violet method. RESULTS A total of 120 extracts from 15 Mayan medicinal plant species belonging to 12 different families were selected according their ethnopharmacological uses to treat infectious diseases. Among the selected plant species, 26 extracts obtained from eight medicinal Mayan plants exhibited significant anti-S. aureus against the four strains tested. The most active extracts were the Aq (aqueous) leaf extract of Krugiodendron ferreum (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] = 125-250 μg/mL), the MeOH bark extracts of Matayba oppositifolia, Clusia flava, Gymnopodium floribundum, the MeOH leaf extract of Spondias purpurea with MIC values of 250 μg/mL, and the MeOH leaf and Aq bark extracts of K. ferreum (MIC = 250-500 μg/mL). Among the active extracts, 12 exhibited a bactericidal effect on S. aureus strains (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] = 250-1000 μg/mL). Forty extracts from 13 plants have an effect on the anti-formation of biofilm, the most active were the MeOH leaf extract of M. oppositifolia (one-half Inhibitory Concentration [IC50] = 10.4 μg/mL) and the MeOH (IC50 = 17.7 μg/mL) and Hex (18.2 μg/mL) leaf extracts from S. purpurea. CONCLUSION Aqueous and organic extracts from Mayan medicinal plants showed bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities even against drug-resistant S. aureus strains. The present study supports the traditional usage of some plants employed in Mayan medicine for illnesses such as skin, gastrointestinal, and urinary infections and suggest that these plants could be a good source of antibacterial phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1, Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Angel de Jesús Dzul-Beh
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1, Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Gracida-Osorno
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Regional No. 1, CMN Ignacio García Téllez, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades 1, Mérida, Yucatán, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Aguirre Crespo F, Pérez E, Valdovinos Estrella JG, Maldonado Velazquez M, Ortega Morales B, Crecencio P, Nuñez E, Estrada Soto S. Vasorelaxant and antioxidant activity of some medicinal plants from Campeche, Mexico. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_291_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Flota-Burgos GJ, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Borges-Argáez R, Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano C, Gamboa-Angulo M. Anthelmintic Activity of Extracts and Active Compounds From Diospyros anisandra on Ancylostoma caninum, Haemonchus placei and Cyathostomins. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:565103. [PMID: 33173794 PMCID: PMC7538544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.565103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of leaf and bark extracts of Diospyros anisandra collected during different seasons and their major constituents on eggs of Ancylostoma caninum, Haemonchus placei, and cyathostomins. Specifically, the eclosion inhibition of the methanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of D. anisandra collected during the dry and rainy seasons (600–37.5 μg/ml) were evaluated in addition to the fractions, sub-fractions (300–37.5 μg/ml) and active major constituents (150–2.3 μg/ml). The rainy season bark extract had the highest percentage of eclosion inhibition (PEI) against the evaluated nematodes (≥ 90% at 75 μg/ml) along with high ovicidal activity (90.0 to 93.4% at 75 μg/ml). The purification of the rainy season bark extract showed that its biological activity came from the non-polar n-hexane fraction (≥ 93% at 75 μg/ml). The bioguided fractionation pointed to sub-fraction 5 as having the highest anthelmintic activity against the three evaluated genera of nematodes (PEI ≥ 93% at 37.5 μg/ml). Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that the major constituent in sub-fraction 5 was plumbagin. Upon evaluation, plumbagin was confirmed to be responsible for the anthelmintic activity of D. anisandra, with a PEI ≥ 90% at 2.3 μg/ml on the three evaluated nematodes. Additionally, the compounds betulin and lupeol in the bark of D. anisandra were evaluated but presented low anthelmintic activity (PEI ≤ 5.3% at 2.3 μg/ml). In conclusion, the rainy season bark extract of D. anisandra exerts a high ovicidal activity against the eggs of the three studied nematodes. Plumbagin is the active compound responsible for this activity and represents a potential alternative for the control of different genera of gastrointestinal nematodes given the current scenario of anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Janett Flota-Burgos
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Rosado-Aguilar
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Mexico
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Christensen CSL, Seal CE, Rico-Arce MDL. Threatened status of neglected and underutilised Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) species endemic to Mexico. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hernández-Bolio GI, Ruiz-Vargas JA, Peña-Rodríguez LM. Natural Products from the Yucatecan Flora: Structural Diversity and Biological Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:647-656. [PMID: 30855145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Yucatan Peninsula possesses a unique climate, geology, landscape, and biota that includes a distinct flora of over 2300 species; of these, close to 800 plants are used in what is known as Mayan traditional medicine, and about 170 are listed as native or endemic. Even though the flora of the Yucatan peninsula has been widely studied by naturalists and biologists, to date, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of most of the plants, including the medicinal plants, is limited. Presently, phytochemical studies carried out on plants from the Yucatecan flora have resulted in the identification of a wide variety of natural products that include flavonoids, terpenoids, polyketides, and phenolics with cytotoxic, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. This review describes the main findings in over 20 years (1992 to 2018) of exploring the natural product diversity of the Yucatecan flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria I Hernández-Bolio
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar , Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Unidad Mérida , Mérida , México
| | - Javier A Ruiz-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología , Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán , Mérida , México
| | - Luis M Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología , Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán , Mérida , México
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Bioguided study of the in vitro parasitocidal effect on adult Hymenolepis nana of the Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg Nied.) fruit methanol extract. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rosado-Aguilar JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Borges-Argaez R, Arjona-Cambranes KA. Acaricidal activity of Havardia albicans and Caesalpinia gaumeri methanolic leaf extracts on Rhipicephalus microplus and its toxicity to laboratory animals. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 71:345-354. [PMID: 28497304 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acaricidal activity of methanolic extracts from the leaves of Havardia albicans (Kunth Britton and Rose) and Caesalpinia gaumeri (Greenm) were tested on the larvae and adults of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini using the larval immersion test and the adult immersion test, respectively. The toxicity of these extracts was also evaluated on laboratory animals using toxicity bioassays at different concentrations: skin irritability (500 mg/ml), acute oral toxicity (5000 mg/kg), ocular irritability (1000 mg/ml) and dermal toxicity (5000 mg/kg). The acaricidal activity of the H. albicans extracts on R. microplus larvae showed a LC50 of 7.0% (4.3-11.4) and a LC99 of 25.5% (14.26-201.5). The acaricidal activity of the C. gaumeri extracts on larvae showed a LC50 of 7.8% (5.74-10.65) and a LC99 of 38.32% (22.22-146.48). The H. albicans extracts showed moderate acaricidal activity in the inhibition of egg laying (54.4 ± 12.4) and the inhibition of larval hatching (48.7 ± 6.8) in R. microplus adults. The C. gaumeri extracts also showed moderate acaricidal activity in the inhibition of egg laying (51.0 ± 11.2). However, none of the evaluated extracts showed significant toxicity on laboratory rodents. These plants show the potential to control R. microplus and could be administered topically or orally in animals. Further studies are needed to identify the active compound(s) and to evaluate the effects of these plants on R. microplus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Rosado-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Roger I Rodríguez-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rocío Borges-Argaez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No 130 Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Karen A Arjona-Cambranes
- Laboratorio de Parasitología. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Garcia-Tap M, Garcia San JR, Arrieta J, Olivares-C IM, Santiago-C JA, Ahumada-An AK, Sanchez-Me ME. Effects of Polyalthic Acid from Croton reflexifolius on Viability of Cancerous Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.286.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ganguly A, Al Mahmud Z, Kumar Saha S, Abdur Rahman SM. Evaluation of antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal properties of Manilkara zapota leaves in Swiss albino mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1413-1419. [PMID: 26799747 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Manilkara zapota (L.). P. Royen. (Sapotaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat pain, diarrhoea, inflammation, arthralgia, and other disorders. Objective Screening of Manilkara zapota leaves ethanol extract and its different solvent soluble fractions for possible antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities in Swiss albino mice. Materials and methods The extract and various fractions (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight; p.o.) were tested for peripheral and central antinociceptive activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and radiant heat tail-flick method, respectively; castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model was used to evaluate antidiarrhoeal activity at both doses. All the samples were administered once in a day and the duration of study was approximately 5 h. Results Ethanol extract (400 mg/kg), petroleum ether fraction (400 mg/kg), and ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) showed significant peripheral antinociceptive activity having 59.89, 58.24, and 46.7% (p < 0.001) of writhing inhibition, respectively, which is comparable with that of standard diclofenac (59.34% inhibition). The ethanol extract (400 mg/kg) and petroleum ether fraction (400 mg/kg) also showed promising central analgesic activity having 74.15 and 82.15% (p < 0.001) elongation of reaction time, respectively, at 90 min after administration of sample which is also similar to that obtained by morphine (85.84% elongation). In antidiarrhoeal activity screening, ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant inhibition of defecation by 53.57 and 60.71%, respectively (p < 0.001) compared with that of loperamide (71.42%). Discussion and conclusion The findings of the studies demonstrated antinociceptive and antidiarrhoeal activities of M. zapota leaves which could be the therapeutic option against pain and diarrhoeal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Ganguly
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Sajal Kumar Saha
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - S M Abdur Rahman
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka , Bangladesh
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Valdivia-Correa B, Gómez-Gutiérrez C, Uribe M, Méndez-Sánchez N. Herbal Medicine in Mexico: A Cause of Hepatotoxicity. A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:235. [PMID: 26891292 PMCID: PMC4783966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mexico, herbal products are commonly used as therapeutic tools. The analysis of several publications reveals that there are dozens of different herbs and herbal products used for different reasons, some of which have been implicated in causing toxic liver disease. However, methodological aspects limit the attribution of causality, and the precise incidence and clinical manifestations of herb-induced liver injury have not been well characterized. This review outlines the history of traditional herbal medicine in Mexico, critically summarizes the mechanisms and adverse effects of commonly used herbal plants, and examines the regulatory issues regarding the legal use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, 14050 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Michel JL, Caceres A, Mahady GB. Ethnomedical research and review of Q'eqchi Maya women's reproductive health in the Lake Izabal region of Guatemala: Past, present and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:307-322. [PMID: 26680589 PMCID: PMC4729212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Central America, most Maya women use ethnomedicines for all aspects of their reproductive cycle including menstruation, pregnancy and menopause. However, very few of these plants have been documented, collected and tested in appropriate pharmacological assays to determine possible safety and efficacy. The aim of this work was to provide an overview of information on the ethnomedical uses, ethnopharmacology, chemistry and pharmacological research for medicinal plants used for women's reproductive health in Guatemala, with a special emphasis on the Q'eqchi Maya of the Lake Izabal region, to demonstrate therapeutic potential and support future research in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reviews of the ethnobotanical, ethnomedical and ethnopharmacological literature were performed for 30 plants collected in the Lake Izabal region of Guatemala and used by the Q'eqchi Maya for treatment of reproductive health issues were performed up to and including July 2015 using multiple databases, library searches for abstracts, books, dissertations, and websites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Review of the published research confirms that many of the plants used by Q'eqchi Maya women for the management of reproductive health issues have pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic, progestagenic and/or serotonergic effects, that support the use of these plants and provide plausible mechanisms of action for their traditional uses. Furthermore, a new serotonin agonist, 9, 10-methylenedioxy-5, 6-Z-fadyenolide was isolated, thereby demonstrating an untapped potential for drug discovery. However, to date much of the pharmacological assays have been in vitro only, and few in vivo studies have been performed. Considering the large percentage of the Maya population in Guatemala that use traditional medicines, there remains a significant lack of pharmacological and toxicological data for these plants. Future research should focus on the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants using in vivo preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as chemical analysis. Since medicinal plants from the Piperaceae are most commonly used as traditional medicines by the Q'eqchi Maya women, and new bioactive compounds have been identified from Piper species, investigations of commonly used plants from this family would be an appropriate place to start. Data generated from such studies would contribute to Guatemala's national effort to promote a complementary relationship between traditional Maya medicine and public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Michel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Armando Caceres
- School of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Pharmacy, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood St., MC 877, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Ayala G, Escobedo-Hinojosa WI, Cruz-Herrera CFDL, Romero I. Exploring alternative treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1450-1469. [PMID: 24587621 PMCID: PMC3925854 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a successful pathogen that can persist in the stomach of an infected person for their entire life. It provokes chronic gastric inflammation that leads to the development of serious gastric diseases such as peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. It is known that these ailments can be avoided if the infection by the bacteria can be prevented or eradicated. Currently, numerous antibiotic-based therapies are available. However, these therapies have several inherent problems, including the appearance of resistance to the antibiotics used and associated adverse effects, the risk of re-infection and the high cost of antibiotic therapy. The delay in developing a vaccine to prevent or eradicate the infection has furthered research into new therapeutic approaches. This review summarises the most relevant recent studies on vaccine development and new treatments using natural resources such as plants, probiotics and nutraceuticals. In addition, novel alternatives based on microorganisms, peptides, polysaccharides, and intragastric violet light irradiation are presented. Alternative therapies have not been effective in eradicating the bacteria but have been shown to maintain low bacterial levels. Nevertheless, some of them are useful in preventing the adverse effects of antibiotics, modulating the immune response, gastroprotection, and the general promotion of health. Therefore, those agents can be used as adjuvants of allopathic anti-H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Sanchez PM, Villarreal ML, Herrera-Ruiz M, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Trejo-Tapia G. In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of extracts from wild growing and in vitro plants of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1032-1037. [PMID: 24145005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) is a perennial shrub used since the 16(th) century in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of health disorders including inflammation, stomach pain and tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of ethyl acetate (EaE), methanol (ME) and aqueous extracts (AE) of Castilleja tenuiflora wild grown (CtW) and in vitro plants (CtIv). MATERIAL AND METHOD Phytochemical analysis of the phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) and iridoid glycoside (IG) components was carried out by chromatographic methods. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the extracts was evaluated in the following four carcinoma cell lines: colon (HF-6), breast (MCF-7), prostate (PC-3), and nasopharyngeal (KB). The topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in mouse ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Anti-ulcerogenic activity was evaluated in rats using an absolute ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer model. RESULTS The main compounds in the extracts were isoverbascoside, verbascoside and aucubin and their concentration depended both on the solvent used and on the plant material origin. None of the extracts showed cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. In contrast, CtWEaE, CtWAE and CtIvEaE (1.6 mg/ear) showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity similar to dexamethasone (1 mg/ear) with a 38.2, 39.3 and 49.1% decrease of inflammation, respectively. CtWEaE and CtIvEaE (100 mg/kg) showed high anti-ulcerogenic activity with 88.3 and 83.1% inhibition, respectively, compared to famotidine (20 mg/kg, 32.8% inhibition). CONCLUSION Castilleja tenuiflora extracts provided significant gastric protection in an acute ulcer induction model and topical anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse ear edema model. These activities are related to verbascoside and may explain the traditional use of Castilleja tenuiflora in the treatment of anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal disorders. Cultured Castilleja tenuiflora plants (in vitro) exhibited pharmacological activities and also have the potential to produce bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mauricio Sanchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, PO Box 24, Yautepec, Morelos C.P. 62730, Mexico
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Uc-Cachón A, Molina-Salinas G, Said-Fernández S, Méndez-González M, Cáceres-Farfán M, Borges-Argáez R. A new dimeric naphthoquinone fromDiospyros anisandra. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:1174-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.718770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lee KY, Jeong MR, Choi SM, Na SS, Cha JD. Synergistic effect of fucoidan with antibiotics against oral pathogenic bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:482-92. [PMID: 23399045 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide that is primarily extracted from brown seaweeds; it has been broadly studied in recent years due to its numerous biological properties, including anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumour and antiviral activities. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN In this study, fucoidan was evaluated against oral bacteria, either alone or with antibiotics, via the broth dilution method and chequerboard and time-kill assay. RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) values for the fucoidan against all the tested bacteria ranged between 0.125 and 0.50/0.25 and 1.00mgml(-1), for ampicillin 0.125 and 64/0.5 and 64μgml(-1) and for gentamicin 2 and 256/4 and 512μgml(-1), respectively. Furthermore, the MIC and MBC were reduced to one half-eighth as a result of the combination of the fucoidan with antibiotics. One to 3h of treatment with MIC50 of fucoidan with MIC50 of antibiotics resulted from an increase of the rate of killing in colony forming units (CFUs) ml(-1) to a greater degree than was observed with alone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that fucoidan is important in the antibacterial actions of the agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Yeol Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Sabandar CW, Ahmat N, Jaafar FM, Sahidin I. Medicinal property, phytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species (Euphorbiaceae): a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 85:7-29. [PMID: 23153517 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) comprises of about 170 species of woody trees, shrubs, subshrubs or herbs in the seasonally dry tropics of the Old and the New World. They are used in medicinal folklore to cure various diseases of 80% of the human population in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Species from this genus have been popular to cure stomachache, toothache, swelling, inflammation, leprosy, dysentery, dyscrasia, vertigo, anemia, diabetis, as well as to treat HIV and tumor, opthalmia, ringworm, ulcers, malaria, skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma and as an aphrodisiac. They are also employed as ornamental plants and energy crops. Cyclic peptides alkaloids, diterpenes and miscellaneous compounds have been reported from this genus. Extracts and pure compounds of plants from this genus are reported for cytotoxicity, tumor-promoting, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, anticoagulant, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, protoscolicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, inhibition AChE and toxicity activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla W Sabandar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA-UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sharma SK, Singh H. A review on pharmacological significance of genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae). Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:868-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hopkins A, Stepp JR. Distribution of Herbal Remedy Knowledge in Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico. ECONOMIC BOTANY 2012; 66:249-254. [PMID: 23539665 PMCID: PMC3607425 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-012-9202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of herbal remedy knowledge among a group of people is studied for two main reasons: (1) to identify plants that are promising for pharmacological analysis, and (2) to examine the factors that lead to herbal remedy knowledge erosion as opposed to dynamism in the acquisition of knowledge. The goal of this particular study, which is aligned with the second reason, is to establish the variation in herbal remedy knowledge among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Yucatan, Mexico. Free listing and cultural consensus analysis revealed that knowledge about a few medicinal plants and herbal remedies was distributed widely among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, whereas the majority of knowledge was idiosyncratic. This finding was consistent with other studies of herbal remedy knowledge distribution among indigenous groups in Latin America and Africa. Assessing patterns in the distribution of herbal remedy knowledge is an important next step in determining the degree of dynamism or erosion in knowledge acquisition and transmission in Tabi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Hopkins
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, 1450 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John Richard Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Giardia intestinalis: effects of Pulsatilla chinensis extracts on trophozoites. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1929-35. [PMID: 22814769 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatilla chinensis is a medicinal root plant that has been used to treat a wide range of disease conditions. Our study determined the antiprotozoal activity of various P. chinensis extracts and fractions against Giardia intestinalis including their effects on parasite growth, cell viability, adherence, and morphology. Ethyl acetate extracts (IC50 = 257.081 μg/ml) were the most active to inhibit the growth of G. intestinalis followed by aqueous extract (PWE), saponins, and n-butanol extract. The PWE and ethyl acetate extract inhibited G. intestinalis trophozoites adherence after 3 h of incubation and killed almost 50 % of the parasite population in a time-dependent manner. Changes in morphology, presence of precipitates in the cytoplasm, dissolved cytoplasm with large vacuole, break of flagella and ventral disk, membrane blebs, and intracellular and nuclear clearance of the treated trophozoites were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrated that P. chinensis induced these changes in G. intestinalis morphology and consequently has potential therapeutic use against giardiasis.
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Pallant CA, Cromarty AD, Steenkamp V. Effect of an alkaloidal fraction of Tabernaemontana elegans (Stapf.) on selected micro-organisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:398-404. [PMID: 22313627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bacterial infections remain a significant threat to human health. Due to the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance, development of novel antibiotics is required in order to ensure that effective treatment remains available. There are several reports on the ethnomedical use of Tabernaemontana elegans pertaining to antibacterial activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the fraction responsible for the antimicrobial activity in Tabernaemontana elegans (Stapf.) root extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active fraction was characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth micro-dilution assay and antimycobacterial activity using the BACTEC radiometric assay. Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and fractions was assessed against primary cell cultures; lymphocytes and fibroblasts; as well as a hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and macrophage (THP-1) cell line using the Neutral Red uptake and MTT assays. RESULTS The crude root extracts were found to contain a high concentration of alkaloids (1.2%, w/w). GC-MS analysis identified the indole alkaloids, voacangine and dregamine, as major components. Antibacterial activity was limited to the Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium species, with MIC values in the range of 64-256μg/ml. When combined with antibiotics, additive antibacterial effects were observed. Marked cytotoxicity to all cell lines tested was evident in the MTT and Neutral Red uptake assays, with IC(50) values <9.81μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the antibacterial activity of Tabernaemontana elegans and supports its potential for being investigated further for the development of a novel antibacterial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Pallant
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Artini M, Papa R, Barbato G, Scoarughi G, Cellini A, Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E, Selan L. Bacterial biofilm formation inhibitory activity revealed for plant derived natural compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:920-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Caamal-Fuentes E, Torres-Tapia LW, Simá-Polanco P, Peraza-Sánchez SR, Moo-Puc R. Screening of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:719-724. [PMID: 21501677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms using the Mayan ethnobotany literature, and evaluate their organic extracts for in vitro cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of the plants studied in this investigation was based on the Mayan ethnobotanical information provided by different literature sources. Extracts were obtained by maceration with methanol for 72 h of each plant part used and evaporated in vacuo to give the corresponding dried extract. Each methanol extract was tested for its cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay performed in 96-well tissue plates on seven cancer cell lines, lung carcinoma (A549), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2), nasopharynx carcinoma (KB), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and cervix squamous carcinoma cells (SiHa), as well as normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293). Cell proliferation/viability was spectrophotometrically assessed at 540 nm after addition of MTT. RESULTS 51 plants were found in the literature to be used for the treatment of symptoms suggestive of cancer, 21 were chosen to evaluate the cytotoxic activity. Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark extract showed a pronounced cytotoxic activity on Hela and KB cell lines and Bonellia macrocarpa stem and root bark extracts showed similar prominent activities on KB cells. CONCLUSION 21 plants were selected according to their use in the treatment of cancer-like symptoms recorded in the ethnobotanical literature. Plant extracts prepared from Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark and Bonellia macrocarpa stem and root bark have been selected for extensive studies leading to the isolation of the active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Caamal-Fuentes
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, Mexico
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Salazar-Aranda R, Pérez-López LA, López-Arroyo J, Alanís-Garza BA, Waksman de Torres N. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of plants from northeast of Mexico. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:536139. [PMID: 19770266 PMCID: PMC3136635 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a key role in health care worldwide. Obtaining scientific information about the efficacy and safety of the plants from our region is one of the goals of our research group. In this report, 17 plants were selected and collected in different localities from northeast Mexico. The dried plants were separated into leaves, flowers, fruit, stems, roots and bark. Each part was extracted with methanol, and 39 crude extracts were prepared. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity using three Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii), three Gram-positive bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis and two Staphylococcus aureus strains), and seven clinically isolated yeasts (Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata); their antioxidant activity was tested using a DPPH free radical assay. No activity against Gram-negative bacteria was observed with any extract up to the maximum concentration tested, 1000 μg ml−1. We report here for the first time activity of Ceanothus coeruleus against S. aureus (flowers, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 125 μg ml−1), C. glabrata (MICs 31.25 μg ml−1) and C. parapsilosis (MICs between 31.25 and 125 μg ml−1); Chrysanctinia mexicana against C. glabrata (MICs 31.25 μg ml−1); Colubrina greggii against E. faecalis (MICs 250 μg ml−1) and Cordia boissieri against C. glabrata (MIC 125 μg ml−1). Furthermore, this is the first report about antioxidant activity of extracts from Ceanothus coeruleus, Chrysanctinia mexicana, Colubrina greggii and Cyperus alternifolius. Some correlation could exist between antioxidant activity and antiyeast activity against yeasts in the species Ceanothus coeruleus, Schinus molle, Colubrina greggii and Cordia boissieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Salazar-Aranda
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, U.A.N.L. Monterrey, P.O. Box 2316, Sucursal Tecnol579gico, 64841, N. L. México, Mexico
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Villarreal ML, Salazar-Olivo LA, Gomez-Sanchez M, Dominguez F, Garcia-Carranca A. Mexican medicinal plants used for cancer treatment: pharmacological, phytochemical and ethnobotanical studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:945-72. [PMID: 21146599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides a summary of Mexican medicinal flora in terms of ethnobotanical, pharmacology, and chemistry of natural products related to anticancer activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing recognized books and peer-reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last five decades. Mexican plants with attributed anti-cancer properties were classified into six groups: (a) plant extracts that have been evaluated for cytotoxic effects, (b) plant extracts that have documented anti-tumoral effects, (c) plants with active compounds tested on cancer cell lines, (d) plants with novel active compounds found only in Mexican species, (e) plants with active compounds that have been assayed on animal models and (f) plants with anti-cancer ethnopharmacological references but without scientific studies. RESULTS Three hundred plant species belonging to 90 botanical families used for cancer treatment have been recorded, of which only 181 have been experimentally analyzed. The remaining 119 plant species are in use in empirical treatment of diseases consistent with cancer symptomatology. Only 88 of the plant extracts experimentally studied in in vitro cellular models have demonstrated active cytotoxic effects in at least one cancer cell line, and 14 out of the 88 have also been tested in vivo with the results that one of them demonstrated anti-neoplasic effects. A total of 187 compounds, belonging to 19 types of plant secondary metabolites, have been isolated from 51 plant extracts with active cytotoxic effects, but only 77 of these compounds (41%) have demonstrated cytoxicity. Seventeen of these active principles have not been reported in other plant species. However, only 5 compounds have been evaluated in vivo, and 3 of them could be considered as active. CONCLUSION Clearly, this review indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies and to begin to conduct clinical trials with those Mexican plants and its active compounds selected by in vitro and in vivo activities. Also, the mechanisms of action by which plant extracts and their active compounds exert anti-cancer effects remain to be studied.
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Medicinal plant extracts with efflux inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 37:145-51. [PMID: 21194895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesised that extracts from plants that are used as herbal medicinal products contain inhibitors of efflux in Gram-negative bacteria. Extracts from 21 plants were screened by bioassay for synergy with ciprofloxacin against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, including mutants in which acrB and tolC had been inactivated. The most active extracts, fractions and purified compounds were further examined by minimum inhibitory concentration testing with five antibiotics for activity against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Efflux activity was determined using the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. Eighty-four extracts from 21 plants, 12 fractions thereof and 2 purified molecules were analysed. Of these, 12 plant extracts showed synergy with ciprofloxacin, 2 of which had activity suggesting efflux inhibition. The most active extract, from Levisticum officinale, was fractionated and the two fractions displaying the greatest synergy with the five antibiotics were further analysed. From these two fractions, falcarindiol and the fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid were isolated. The fractions and compounds possessed antibacterial activity especially for mutants lacking a component of AcrAB-TolC. However, no synergism was seen with the fractions or purified molecules, suggesting that a combination of compounds is required for efflux inhibition. These data indicate that medicinal plant extracts may provide suitable lead compounds for future development and possible clinical utility as inhibitors of efflux for various Gram-negative bacteria.
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Vera-Ku M, Méndez-González M, Moo-Puc R, Rosado-Vallado M, Simá-Polanco P, Cedillo-Rivera R, Peraza-Sánchez SR. Medicinal potions used against infectious bowel diseases in Mayan traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:303-308. [PMID: 20728517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Since one of the main health problems of the indigenous population are infectious bowel diseases, we decided to test Mayan medicinal potions used to treat these conditions against some of the causal agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one herbal formulations used for the treatment of infectious bowel diseases were prepared according to the collected ethnobotanical data. Their activities were tested against some of the causal agents of diarrheic symptoms, such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Shigella flexneri. RESULTS Nine formulations were active against bacteria (MIC=0.5 mg/ml), four on Entamoeba histolytica, and seven on Giardia lamblia (IC(50)≤20 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS This work supports the use of the traditional Mayan formulations against some infectious bowel diseases, and it is the first step towards their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vera-Ku
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico
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Arunasree KM. Anti-proliferative effects of carvacrol on a human metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB 231. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:581-8. [PMID: 20096548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the anti-tumor effects of carvacrol have been demonstrated earlier, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its action have not been defined and in the present study an attempt has been made to identify the mechanism of carvacrol induced cell death in human metastatic breast cancer cells, MDA-MB 231. METHODS Apoptosis induced by carvacrol was determined based on different assays like MTT assay, Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, multicaspase activation assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometer. Cleavage of PARP, cytochrome c release and modulation of Bax and Bcl2 ratio by Western blot analysis were also studied. RESULTS The study clearly showed induction of apoptosis by carvacrol in MDA-MB 231 cells dose dependently at an IC(50) of 100 microM with a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells resulting in release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, caspase activation and cleavage of PARP. CONCLUSION The data in the present study clearly demonstrated anti-tumor effects of carvacrol on human metastatic breast cancer cells, MDA-MB 231, and that the compound could have a potential therapeutic significance in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Arunasree
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Biology, Hyderabad 500 046, AP, India.
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Heinrich M, Heneka B, Ankli A, Rimpler H, Sticher O, Kostiza T. Spasmolytic and antidiarrhoeal properties of the Yucatec Mayan medicinal plant Casimiroa tetrameria. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:1081-5. [PMID: 16105228 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Maya of the Yucatán peninsula commonly use the leaves of Casimiroa tetrameria for treating gastrointestinal disorders, notably diarrhoea and dysentery, as well as gastrointestinal cramps. The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of 13 compounds: eight polymethoxylated flavonoids (two as minor components with a main constituent), four flavonoid glycosides and one furanocoumarin. In this study we used two well-established models in order to assess the gastrointestinal effects of C. tetrameria extracts and isolated compounds: the USSING-chamber, a pharmacological model for diarrhoea, and the isolated guinea pig ileum, a model for modulatory effects on ileum contraction. Extracts and the class of polymethoxylated flavonoids showed strong inhibitory effects in both models, which provides ex-vivo evidence for the use of this botanical drug in the treatment of several gastrointestinal problems, most notably diarrhoea. The crude extract, polymethoxylated flavonoid-rich fractions and the polymethoxylated flavonoids tested showed prominent antisecretory activity. Polymethoxylated flavonoid-rich fractions also inhibited the histamine-induced contractions in the guinea pig model. The effects are not due to a single compound, but to a large number of structurally related compounds that all contribute to the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Kufer J, Förther H, Pöll E, Heinrich M. Historical and modern medicinal plant uses — the example of the Ch'orti‘ Maya and Ladinos in Eastern Guatemala. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:1127-52. [PMID: 16105234 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.57.9.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Local empirical knowledge about medicinal properties of plants is the basis for their use as home remedies. Particularly in developing countries such remedies still are an indispensable resource for everyday health care. They form the basis for numerous studies on drugs from natural sources. Like other indigenous groups across the world, the Ch'orti' Maya in Eastern Guatemala are currently experiencing a phase of dramatic cultural change, with their traditional knowledge about plants being in great danger of disappearing. During 17 months of fieldwork, medicinal plant uses were documented using a semi-quantitative approach and analysed using ethnopharmacological methods. The most important groups of illnesses treated with plants were gastrointestinal complaints and illnesses associated with pain and fever. Field data were compared with mostly unpublished historical data collected in the 1930s by the anthropologist Charles Wisdom. This comparison showed that medicinal plant uses that are more consistent over time are also shared by a larger number of people. A literature search on the most frequently mentioned medicinal plants showed that, even for widely used medicinal species, phytochemical and pharmacological data are insufficient for fully understanding their therapeutic profile. Whereas a few examples of potentially dangerous practices were encountered, the limited amount of information available mostly supports local medicinal plant usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kufer
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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Heinrich M, Chan J, Wanke S, Neinhuis C, Simmonds MSJ. Local uses of Aristolochia species and content of nephrotoxic aristolochic acid 1 and 2--a global assessment based on bibliographic sources. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 125:108-44. [PMID: 19505558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY More than 100 cases of nephropathy over the last 10 years caused by the systemic and longer term application of Chinese snakeroot (Aristolochia fangchi) highlighted the risk of using preparations which contain aristolochic acids. On the other hand anecdotal evidence highlights the widespread use of Aristolochia species (Aristolochiaceae) in many regions of the world. Therefore, it was our objective to systematically assess the scientific literature available on the local and traditional use of Aristolochia spp. on a worldwide scale. Our review identifies core species which need to be investigated and which may need monitoring (esp. in national and international trade). METHODS An extensive review of the literature available in libraries in London on the uses of species of Aristolochia was undertaken. Relevant information was extracted and entered into a database for analysis. RESULTS Based on the assessment of 566 reference sources 685 individual sets of data were recorded. Seven species--Aristolochia indica L. (Asia), Aristolochia serpentaria L. (North America), Aristolochia debilis Sieb & Zucch. (China), Aristolochia acuminata Lam (India), Aristolochia trilobata L. (Central/South America, Caribbean), Aristolochia clematitis L. (Europe) and Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. (Africa)--are reported widely as being used medicinally. The medical uses vary, but of particular interest are uses in case of gastrointestinal problems, which is likely to result in repeated exposure to the botanical drugs by an individual. About half of all records relate to uses of Aristolochia species in Asia, one-third to the Americas, a continent which has so far received practically no attention in terms of assessing the risk of using species of Aristolochia. Of the 99 species (plus several identified at genus level only) for which we were able to summarise ethnobotanical information, preliminary phytochemical information is only available for 24 species and some of the most common ones including Aristolochia acuminata have so far not been studied phytochemically. CONCLUSIONS Species of Aristolochia are used medicinally in many regions of the world and both from an ethnopharmacological and a public health perspective this poses a risk. A systematic assessment of the content of aristolochic acids in the most widely used species is needed to evaluate whether their uses pose a potential health risk. In China and Europe species of Aristolochia have been associated with nephropathy and it is important to evaluate whether nephropathy occurs in other parts of the world, especially India and Central America where the use of species of Aristolochia are reported to be commonly used in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N1AX, UK.
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Vega AE, Wendel GH, Maria AOM, Pelzer L. Antimicrobial activity of Artemisia douglasiana and dehydroleucodine against Helicobacter pylori. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:653-5. [PMID: 19422904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. Artemisia douglasiana Besser is widely used in Cuyo region (Argentina) as folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments. AIM OF STUDY Based on our previous studies that Artemisia douglasiana exert cytoprotective actions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury we assayed the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro anti-bacterial activity of Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine were determined against one standard strain and six clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori by using the agar dilution methods. RESULTS The results showed that both dehydroleucodine and Artemisia douglasiana extract had activity against the microorganism with MICs between 1-8 and 60-120 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Artemisia douglasiana may be a useful alternative treatment strategy principally in eradication of metronidazole and clarithromycin-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vega
- Area Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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40
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Russo A, Cardile V, De Ioannes A, Garbarino J. Effect of litreol on the viability of human cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:178-184. [PMID: 19007765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Members of the family Anacardiaceae are known to contain a number of biologically active substances, such as phenolic lipids, alkyl-catechols and alkyl-resorcinols. In the present study, human cancer cell lines, DU-145 cells (androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells), KB cells (human epidermoid cells), and human melanoma cell line, M14, were treated for 72 h with 0.59-9.5 microM litreol (3-[pentadecyl-10-enyl-catechol]), a alkyl-catechol isolated from Lithraea caustica (Molina) Hook. & Arn. The results showed, for the first time, that litreol inhibited cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the treatment with this compound at 0.59-1.18 microM concentrations induced apoptotic cell death, demonstrated by the fragmentation of genomic DNA and by a significant increase of caspase-3 activity. The significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) evidenced in these experimental conditions could trigger the apoptosis cascades. Taken together, these results demonstrate that litreol attenuate the growth of human cancer cells, at least in part, triggering an apoptotic process, and they may offer a further impulse to the development of its analogues with more potent efficacy against human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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41
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Castillo-Juárez I, González V, Jaime-Aguilar H, Martínez G, Linares E, Bye R, Romero I. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:402-405. [PMID: 19162157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Helicobacter pylori is the major etiological agent of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and is linked to gastric carcinoma. Treatment to eradicate the bacteria failed in many cases, mainly due to antibiotic resistance, hence the necessity of developing better therapeutic regimens. Mexico has an enormous unexplored potential of medicinal plants. This work evaluates the in vitro anti-H. pylori activity of 53 plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test the in vitro antibacterial activity, agar dilution and broth dilution methods were used for aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. RESULTS Aqueous extracts of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana, Cuphea aequipetala, Ludwigia repens,and Mentha x piperita (MIC 125 to <250 microg/ml) as well as methanolic extracts of Persea americana, Annona cherimola, Guaiacum coulteri, and Moussonia deppeana (MIC <7.5 to 15.6 microg/ml) showed the highest inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to understanding the mode of action of the studied medicinal plants and for detecting plants with high anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
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42
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Kaiser M, Wittlin S, Nehrbass-Stuedli A, Dong Y, Wang X, Hemphill A, Matile H, Brun R, Vennerstrom JL. Peroxide bond-dependent antiplasmodial specificity of artemisinin and OZ277 (RBx11160). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2991-3. [PMID: 17562801 PMCID: PMC1932508 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00225-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using nonperoxidic analogs of artemisinin and OZ277 (RBx11160), the strong in vitro antiplasmodial activities of the latter two compounds were shown to be peroxide bond dependent. In contrast, the weak activities of artemisinin and OZ277 against six other protozoan parasites were peroxide bond independent. These data support the iron-dependent artemisinin alkylation hypothesis.
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Previati M, Corbacella E, Astolfi L, Catozzi M, Khan MTH, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Capitani S, Martini A. Ethanolic extract from Hemidesmus indicus (Linn) displays otoprotectant activities on organotypic cultures without interfering on gentamicin uptake. J Chem Neuroanat 2007; 34:128-33. [PMID: 17640851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract from Hemidesmus indicus (Linn) (Apocynaceae) (Hie) was studied for its otoprotective effects in ex vivo rat organotypic model of gentamicin (GM) toxicity. In organ of Corti organotypic cultures (OC), GM can induce a fast dose-dependent apoptosis of hair cells (HC), both external and internal. We found that, after coadministration of GM and Hie to organotypic cultures, the extract was able to significantly counteract this toxic effect on HC, at the concentration of 25 and 50microg/ml. Interestingly, at these concentrations the extract was present in the cell medium at a concentration 1.6- and 3.3-fold lower than GM, suggesting its otoprotective activity could not merely due to an aspecific inhibition of GM entry. To support this hypothesis, we evaluated the amount of GM present in organotypic cultures after the coadministration of 1.5mg/ml GM and Hie, and found no significant reduction of GM uptake in the presence of 100microg/ml Hie. These data suggest the otoprotective action of Hie derives from specific inhibition of the apoptotic routine induced by GM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Previati
- Department of Morphology and Embryology, Human Anatomy Division, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Vidal F, Vidal JC, Gadelha APR, Lopes CS, Coelho MGP, Monteiro-Leal LH. Giardia lamblia: The effects of extracts and fractions from Mentha x piperita Lin. (Lamiaceae) on trophozoites. Exp Parasitol 2007; 115:25-31. [PMID: 16843460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a parasite that causes giardiasis in humans and other mammals. The common treatment includes different classes of drugs, which were described to produce unpleasant side effects. Mentha x piperita, popularly known as peppermint, is a plant that is frequently used in the popular medicine to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. We examined the effects of crude extracts and fractions from peppermint against G. lamblia (ATCC 30888) on the basis of trophozoite growth, morphology and adherence studies. The methanolic, dichloromethane and hexanic extracts presented IC(50) values of 0.8, 2.5 and 9.0microg/ml after 48h of incubation, respectively. The aqueous extract showed no effect against the trophozoites with an IC(50)>100microg/ml. The aqueous fraction presented a moderate activity with an IC(50) of 45.5microg/ml. The dichloromethane fraction showed the best antigiardial activity, with an IC(50) of 0.75microg/ml after 48h of incubation. The morphological and adhesion assays showed that this fraction caused several alterations on plasma membrane surface of the parasite and inhibited the adhesion of G. lamblia trophozoites. Cytotoxic assays showed that Mentha x piperita presented no toxic effects on the intestinal cell line IEC-6. Our results demonstrated antigiardial activity of Mentha x piperita, indicating its potential value as therapeutic agent against G. lamblia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vidal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Image Processing, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu, 444, 3 degrees andar, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-170, Brazil
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Anti-mitotic and anti-genotoxic effects of Plantago lanceolata aqueous extract on Allium cepa root tip meristem cells. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Narvaez-Mastache JM, Garduño-Ramírez ML, Alvarez L, Delgado G. Antihyperglycemic activity and chemical constituents of Eysenhardtia platycarpa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:1687-91. [PMID: 17190443 DOI: 10.1021/np060166z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The methanolic extracts from branches (BEP) and leaves (LEP) of Eysenhardtia platycarpa significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. One new flavone, (1"R)-5,4',1"-trihydroxy-6,7-(3",3"-dimethylchroman)flavone (1), together with the known compounds 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-prenylflavanone (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-6-prenylflavanone (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone (5), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-prenylflavanone (6), 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (7), oleanolic acid, 3beta-acetoxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxy-oleanan-28,13beta-olide, lupeol, betulinic acid, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosteryl beta-D-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosteryl palmitate, and 3-O-methyl-myo-inositol were isolated from BEP. Additionally, one new flavanone, (2S)-4'-O-methyl-6-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (2), as well as the known compounds 3, 4, 6, 4'-O-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (8), and 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone (9) were isolated from LEP. 3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid (7), identified as the major constituent of BEP, showed a significant decrease (31 mg/kg of body weight, P < 0.05) in the glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The obtained results correlate with the traditional use of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Narvaez-Mastache
- Instituto de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D.F
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Case RJ, Franzblau SG, Wang Y, Cho SH, Soejarto DD, Pauli GF. Ethnopharmacological evaluation of the informant consensus model on anti-tuberculosis claims among the Manus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 106:82-9. [PMID: 16423480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethnobotanists often utilize predictive models to analyze the potential of indigenously used medicinal plants. The most common of these prognostic models is the informant consensus model. This study evaluates use of this model through the analytical ethnopharmacology of Manus Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). The informant consensus model enables researchers to prioritize plants for pharmacognostic evaluation, based on the relative frequency of plants cited in anthropological interviews. Fieldwork on Manus Island, PNG, led to the identification of 43 species of plants used in traditional medicine for persistent respiratory symptoms. Plants were collected, dried, micro-extracted using a new technique generated in our laboratory, and evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results, in the form of IC(50) values and modified selectivity indices (SI), were compared to the results of the anthropological models of informant consensus, and statistically compared through linear regression and t-tests. Results were not statistically significant (alpha=0.1), leading to the conclusions that the informant consensus assumptions were inaccurate in predicting anti-mycobacterial activity among the Manus for anti-TB claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Case
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, MC/781 College of Pharmacy, the University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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48
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Plants with antitumor properties: from biologically active molecules to drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Andrade-Cetto A, Martínez-Zurita E, Wiedenfeld H. Hypoglycemic effect of Malmea depressa root on streptozotocin diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:319-22. [PMID: 15990260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effects of water, ethanolic and butanolic extracts prepared from the root of Malmea depressa (Baill) R.E. Fries. (Annonaceae) were studied in diabetic rats (streptozotocin induced). Oral application of water extracts at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, ethanolic (112 mg/kg) and butanolic (80 mg/kg) extracts significantly lowered the plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats within three hours. Glibenclamide and metformin were used as references and showed similar hypoglycemic effects like the extracts. The three extracts have a similar chemical composition (HPLC analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad National Autónoma de México, 04510 México DF, Mexico.
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50
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Gadelha APR, Vidal F, Castro TM, Lopes CS, Albarello N, Coelho MGP, Figueiredo SFL, Monteiro-Leal LH. Susceptibility of Giardia lamblia to Hovenia dulcis extracts. Parasitol Res 2005; 97:399-407. [PMID: 16151735 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of giardiasis, a common parasitic infection of the human and animal digestive tract. Although several drugs have been available to treat this infection, they present unpleasant side effects or cytotoxicity. In order to find a more natural treatment for the disease, we analyzed the effects of the methanolic extract and three fractions obtained from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) leaves on G. lamblia. Comparing all fractions, dichloromethane was more efficient in reducing Giardia growth. The exposition of G. lamblia to this fraction lead to degenerations in the surface, modifications in the cell shape and alterations in the localization of nuclei. Besides that, the adhesion of G. lamblia was also altered. Experiments revealed that the obtained fraction did not present cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells. In summary, dichloromethane fraction has strong antigiardial effects and could become an important new substance for the treatment of giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P R Gadelha
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Image Processing, Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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