Liquid biopsy in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers: A paradigm shift in early detection, prognostic stratification, and perioperative monitoring

Table 4 Role of liquid biopsy in target therapies

No.	Title of study	Ref.	Conclusion of study
1	The role and potential application of extracellular vesicles in liver cancer	Qi et al[64], 2021	Highlights extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in liver cancer
2	Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p increases cholangiocarcinoma stemness and progression by targeting HPGD and increasing PGE2 generation	Shu et al[65], 2024	Demonstrates that bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p contributes to cholangiocarcinoma progression and stemness, making it a potential therapeutic target
3	Simultaneous analysis of mutations and methylations in circulating cell-free DNA for hepatocellular carcinoma detection	Wang et al[66], 2022	Shows that simultaneous mutation and methylation analysis of cfDNA improves HCC detection
4	Identification of whole-genome mutations and structural variations of bile cell-free DNA in cholangiocarcinoma	Yin et al[67], 2024	Suggests that whole-genome analysis of bile cfDNA can identify mutations and structural variations in cholangiocarcinoma

HPGD: 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; PGE: Prostaglandin; cfDNA: Cell free DNA; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.