Liquid biopsy in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers: A paradigm shift in early detection, prognostic stratification, and perioperative monitoring

Table 3 Role of liquid biopsy in risk stratification

No.	Title of study	Ref.	Conclusion of study
1	TP53 mutation detected in circulating exosomal DNA is associated with prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma	Li et al[56], 2022	Identifies TP53 mutation in exosomal DNA as a prognostic marker for HCC
2	Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Now?	Pelizzaro et al[57], 2021	Reviews current advancements and challenges in liquid biopsy for HCC
3	Circulating Tumor Cells Undergoing EMT Provide a Metric for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Qi et al[58], 2018	Shows that EMT markers in CTCs can aid in HCC diagnosis and prognosis
4	Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating exosomal glypican-1 in pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis	Qiao et al[59], 2024	Supports exosomal glypican-1 as a valuable biomarker for pancreatic cancer detection and prognosis
5	Clinical significance of small extracellular vesicles in cholangiocarcinoma	Wang et al[60], 2024	Highlights the role of small extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma
6	Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: Diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation	Wang et al[61], 2023	Reviews liquid biopsy techniques for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis evaluation
7	Biomarkers and prognostic factors of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma	Zhang et al[62], 2024	Identifies biomarkers and prognostic factors influencing response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced HCC
8	Tumor-derived proliferative CTCs and CTC clusters predict aggressiveness and early recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients	Zhao et al[63], 2023	Suggests that proliferative CTCs and CTC clusters are predictive markers for aggressive HCC and early recurrence

Tp53: Tumor protein 53; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; EMT: Epithelial mesenchymal transition; CTC: Circulating tumor cells; PD-1/PD-L1: Programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1.