Adult stem cell-based apexogenesis

Table 2 Comparison of in vivo transplantation outcomes of mesenchymal stem cells from different researchers

Ref.	MSCs	Outcomes
Ohazama et al[42]	BMMSCs	Tooth structures and associated bone
Li et al[28]	BMMSCs	Tooth-like structures surrounded by bone and soft tissues
Kawaguchi et al[43]	BMMSCs	Histologically produced cementum, PDL and alveolar bone
Gronthos et al[44]	DPSCs	Pulp-dentine like tissue complexes lined with odontoblast-like cells
Carinci et al[45]	DPSCs	Bone-like tissues
Sonoyama et al[49]	SCAPs	A typical dentin structure with connective tissues
Battula et al[39]	SCAPs	Bone-/dentin-like mineralized tissues
Miura et al[53]	SHEDs	Dentin-like tissue, but not a dentin-pulp-like complex; not differentiate directly into osteoblasts but only induce new bone formation
Wang et al[55]	SHEDs	Exhibit an enhanced potential to form bone
Park et al[57]/Seo et al[58]	PDLSCs	A typical cementum/PDL-like structure
Morsczeck et al[64]	DFPCs	A structure consists of fibrous or rigid tissue, no dentin, cementum, or bone formation
Handa et al[65]	DFPCs	Cementum-like matrix
Honda et al[66]	DFPCs	Bone

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; SHEDs: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth; DPSCs: Dental pulp stem cells; DFPCs: Dental follicle precursor cells; PDLSCs: Periodontal ligament stem cells; SCAPs: Stem cells from apical papilla; BMMSCs: Bone marrow MSCs; PDL: Periodontal ligament.