Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Transl Med. Apr 12, 2015; 4(1): 1-10
Published online Apr 12, 2015. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i1.1
Beyond the bedside: A review of translational medicine in global health
Richard S Hoehn, Daniel E Abbott
Richard S Hoehn, Daniel E Abbott, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
Author contributions: Both authors contributed to this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to present.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Daniel E Abbott, MD, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States. abbottdl@ucmail.uc.edu
Telephone: +1-513-5587865 Fax: +1-513-5840459
Received: July 13, 2014
Peer-review started: July 13, 2014
First decision: September 18, 2014
Revised: January 3, 2015
Accepted: January 15, 2015
Article in press: January 19, 2015
Published online: April 12, 2015
Abstract

Translational research is a broad field of medicine with several key phases moving from scientific discovery to bench research and the hospital bedside, followed by evidence-based practice and population-level policy and programming. Understanding these phases is crucial when it comes to preventing and treating illness, especially in global health. Communities around the world struggle with a variety of health problems that are at some times similar and at others quite different. Three major world health issues help to outline the phases of translational research: vaccines, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and non-communicable diseases. Laboratory research has excelled in many of these areas and is struggling in a few. Where successful therapies have been discovered there are often problems with appropriate use or dissemination to groups in need. Also, many diseases would be better prevented from a population health approach. This review highlights successes and struggles in the arena of global health, from smallpox eradication to the impending epidemic of cardiovascular disease, in an attempt to illustrate of the various phases of translational research.

Keywords: Global health, Human immunodeficiency virus, Translational research, Vaccines, Cancer, Non-communicable diseases

Core tip: This review summarizes efforts in translational research as applied to the major global health issues of vaccines, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and non-communicable diseases. Historical perspective as well as current efforts are presented in an effort to describe the success and challenges that are concurrent with translational medicine on the international stage.