Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2023; 13(5): 144-159
Published online May 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.144
Published online May 19, 2023. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.144
Resilience by design: How nature, nurture, environment, and microbiome mitigate stress and allostatic load
Souhad Chbeir, Victor Carrión, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
Author contributions: Chbeir S and Carrión V conceived the manuscript idea; Chbeir S did writing and literature research; Carrión V did reviewing and editing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest for both authors.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Souhad Chbeir, PhD, Research Consultant, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Ste. 3200, Stanford, CA 94305, United States. schbeir@stanford.edu
Received: December 16, 2022
Peer-review started: December 16, 2022
First decision: January 12, 2023
Revised: February 11, 2023
Accepted: April 17, 2023
Article in press: April 17, 2023
Published online: May 19, 2023
Peer-review started: December 16, 2022
First decision: January 12, 2023
Revised: February 11, 2023
Accepted: April 17, 2023
Article in press: April 17, 2023
Published online: May 19, 2023
Core Tip
Core Tip: There are multiple reviews in the literature that address different factors contributing to resilience, an adaptation to stress. To our knowledge, none of these reviews takes into consideration the complexity of the system that leads to allostasis or allostatic load, an indicator of physiologic “wear and tear” resulting from repeated exposure to stress and inability to cope. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the complexity of the system and discuss the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to resilience. Lastly, we conclude by emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to reduce stress allostatic load.