Comparative analysis on the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm newborns in a Kazakhstani Tertiary Care Hospital setting

Table 6 Neonatal comorbidities in preterm newborns based on the extent of antenatal steroid prophylaxis, n (%)

Parameters	Prevention of fetal RDS				P value
	Complete, n = 71	Absent, n = 49	Incomplete, n = 32	Total, n = 152
Comorbidities
Cerebral ischemia					0.121
Yes	41 (41.0)	37 (37.0)	22 (22.0)	100 (100.0)
No	30 (57.7)	12 (23.1)	10 (19.2)	52 (100.0)
Congenital pneumonia					0.051
Yes	16 (32.7)	19 (38.8)	14 (28.6)	49 (100.0)
No	55 (53.4)	30 (29.1)	18 (17.5)	103 (100.0)
Respiratory failure					0.588
Yes	16 (47.1)	9 (26.5)	9 (26.5)	34 (100.0)
No	55 (46.6)	40 (33.9)	23 (19.5)	118 (100.0)
Cerebral depression					0.829
Yes	16 (51.6)	9 (29.0)	6 (19.4)	31 (100.0)
No	55 (45.5)	40 (33.1)	26 (21.5)	121 (100.0)
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy					0.592
Yes	13 (56.5)	6 (26.1)	4 (17.4)	23 (100.0)
No	58 (45.0)	43 (33.3)	28 (21.7)	129 (100.0)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia					0.575
Yes	6 (37.5)	7 (43.8)	3 (18.8)	16 (100.0)
No	65 (47.8)	42 (30.9)	29 (21.3)	136 (100.0)
Congenital hydrocephalus					0.347
Yes	0 (0.0)	1 (100)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
No	71 (47.0)	48 (31.8)	32 (21.2)	151 (100.0)
Heart failure					0.951
Yes	7 (50.0)	4 (28.6)	3 (21.4)	14 (100.0)
No	64 (46.4)	45 (32.6)	29 (21.0)	138 (100.0)
Atrial septal defect					0.882
Yes	3 (42.9)	2 (28.6)	2 (28.6)	7 (100.0)
No	68 (46.9)	47 (32.4)	30 (20.7)	145 (100.0)
Patent ductus arteriosus					0.397
Yes	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	6 (100.0)
No	67 (45.9)	47 (32.2)	32 (21.9)	146 (100.0)
Ventricular septal defect					0.389
Yes	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	0 (0.0)	3 (100.0)
No	70 (47.0)	47 (31.5)	32 (21.5)	149 (100.0)
Transient tachypnea in a newborn					0.730
Yes	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
No	70 (46.7)	48 (32.0)	32 (21.3)	150 (100.0)
Neonatal jaundice					0.531
Yes	18 (40.0)	17 (37.8)	10 (22.2)	45 (100.0)
No	53 (49.5)	32 (29.9)	22 (20.6)	107 (100.0)
Necrotizing enterocolitis					0.825
Yes	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)	8 (100.0)
No	67 (46.5)	46 (31.9)	31 (21.5)	144 (100.0)
Сongenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract					0.481
Yes	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (50.0)	2 (100.0)
No	70 (46.7)	49 (32.7)	31 (20.7)	150 (100.0)
Extreme immaturity					0.886
Yes	9 (50.0)	6 (33.3)	3 (16.7)	18 (100.0)
No	62 (46.3)	43 (32.1)	29 (21.6)	134 (100.0)
Massive pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in the perinatal period					0.636
Yes	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	3 (100.0)
No	69 (46.3)	48 (32.2)	32 (21.5)	149 (100.0)
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage					0.845
Yes	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	3 (100.0)
No	70 (47.0)	48 (32.2)	31 (20.8)	149 (100.0)
Intraventricular hemorrhage					0.151
Yes	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)	1 (100.0)
No	71 (47.0)	49 (32.5)	31 (20.5)	151 (100.0)
DIC of blood					0.322
Yes	1 (16.7)	3 (50.0)	2 (33.3)	6 (100.0)
No	70 (47.9)	46 (31.5)	30 (20.5)	146 (100.0)
Anemia in premature newborns					0.501
Yes	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
No	70 (46.7)	48 (32.0)	32 (21.3)	150 (100.0)
Periventricular leukomalacia					0.119
Yes	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
No	71 (47.3)	47 (31.3)	32 (21.3)	150 (100.0)
Proliferative retinopathy					0.730
Yes	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
No	70 (46.7)	48 (32.0)	32 (21.3)	150 (100.0)

RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation.