Novel endoscopic hybrid technique in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy

Table 3 Clinical outcomes by three groups in follow-up 6 months, mean ± SD

		VAS of neck pain	VAS of upper limb pain	NDI
UES	Pre-operation	6.29 ± 0.69	7.43 ± 0.83	42.19 ± 3.08
	3 days after surgery	2.81 ± 0.72b	3.1 ± 0.51b	17.57 ± 3.24b
	3 months after surgery	2.14 ± 0.62b	2.57 ± 0.49b	8.43 ± 1.22b
	6 months after surgery	2.29 ± 0.54b	2.43 ± 0.5b	7.95 ± 1.21b
UBE	Pre-operation	6.12 ± 0.85	7.46 ± 0.99	42.89 ± 3.74
	3 days after surgery	3.89 ± 0.97a,b	2.89 ± 0.64b	22.05 ± 2.74b
	3 months after surgery	2.37 ± 0.67b	2.37 ± 0.48b	8.32 ± 1.45b
	6 months after surgery	2.32 ± 0.46b	2.26 ± 0.44b	8.16 ± 1.04b
HT	Pre-operation	6.26 ± 0.91	7.44 ± 0.94	43.04 ± 3.22
	3 days after surgery	3.89 ± 0.69a,b	2.93 ± 0.6b	22 ± 3.16b
	3 months after surgery	2.46 ± 0.72b	2.63 ± 0.58b	8.26 ± 1.56b
	6 months after surgery	2.25 ± 0.81b	2.44 ± 0.49b	8.09 ± 1.33b

^aP < 0.05, significant differences between groups.

^bP < 0.05, significant difference compared with preoperative values.

UES: Uniportal endoscopic surgery; UBE: Unilateral biportal endoscopy; HT: Hybrid technique; VAS: Visual analogue scale; NDI: Neck disability index.