Novel endoscopic hybrid technique in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy

Table 2 Peri-operation data comparison between groups, mean ± SD

Item	UES	UBE	HT
Duration of operation (minute)	72.46 ± 8.41a	59.27 ± 5.16	64.15 ± 7.55
Bleeding index	1.09 ± 0.15	1.49 ± 0.28a	1.3 ± 0.13
Bleeding duration percentage (%)	24.59 ± 3.16	32.49 ± 4.09a	26.22 ± 2.8
Length of hospital stay (day)	4.63 ± 0.61	5.8 ± 0.56a	4.65 ± 0.67
Cost (Thousands, Yuan)	3.45 ± 0.07a	4.12 ± 0.08a	5.06 ± 0.11a
Modified Macnab criteria (excellent + good)	0.86	0.92	0.96
Post-operative soft tissue edema (cm2)	5.21 ± 0.46a	7.29 ± 0.78	7.02 ± 0.53

^aP < 0.05.

UES: Uniportal endoscopic surgery; UBE: Unilateral biportal endoscopy; HT: Hybrid technique.