Prospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. May 18, 2025; 16(5): 106004
Published online May 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i5.106004
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants before the intervention, n (%)


Group 1 (n = 30)
Group 2 (n = 49)
GenderMale6 (20)26 (53.06)
Female24 (80)23 (46.94)
Male-to-female ratio0.251.13
Operated sideRight18 (60)26 (53.06)
Left12 (40)23 (46.94)
Age (years)Mean SD73.33 ± 6.9468.98 ± 7.18
Minimum6149
Maximum8684
Body mass index (kg/m2)Mean SD30.79 ± 5.5430.72 ± 4.56
American Society for Anesthesiologists score11 (3.33)12 (24.49)
214 (46.67)18 (36.73)
315 (50)19 (38.78)