Mobile phones in the orthopedic operating room: Microbial colonization and antimicrobial resistance

Table 3 Factors affecting bacterial colonization of cell phones

Variable	Total	Bacterial colonization present, n (%)	P value
Specialty
Orthopedics	43	39 (90.7)	1.000
Anesthesia	42	39 (92.9)
Appointment1
Surgeon	22	21 (95.5)	1.000
Resident	30	27 (90)	0.425
Technician	33	30 (90.9)	0.681
Nursing	15	15 (100)	0.590
Age group (yr)			1.000
≤ 30	52	48 (92.3)
> 30	48	45 (93.8)
Gender
Male	81	75 (92.6)	1.000
Female	19	18 (94.7)
Type of cell phone
Smart phone	93	86 (92.5)	1.000
Basic	7	7 (100)
Mobile cover
Present	67	65 (97)	0.038
Absent	33	28 (84.8)
Keypad
Present	10	10 (100)	1.000
Absent	90	83 (92.2)
Cracked screen
Yes	42	42 (100)	0.020
No	58	51 (87.9)
Cell phone cleaning
Yes	55	48 (87.3)	0.040
No	45	45 (100)
Duration since last cell phone cleaning
< 24 h	33	26 (78.8)	0.034
> 24 h	22	22 (100)
Duration since last hand wash
< 10 min	46	44 (95.7)	0.666
≥ 10 min	42	39 (92.9)

¹Each category was tested against all others.