International recognition of the Ilizarov bone reconstruction techniques: Current practice and research (dedicated to 100th birthday of G. A. Ilizarov)

Abstract

The Ilizarov method is one of the current methods used in bone reconstruction. It originated in the middle of the past century and comprises a number of bone reconstruction techniques executed with a ring external fixator developed by Ilizarov GA. Its main merits are viable new bone formation through distraction osteogenesis, high union rates and functional use of the limb throughout the course of treatment. The study of the phenomenon of distraction osteogenesis induced by tension stress with the Ilizarov apparatus was the impetus for advancement in bone reconstruction surgery. Since then, the original method has been used along with a number of its modifications developed due to emergence of new fixation devices and techniques of their application such as hexapod external fixators and motorized intramedullary lengthening nails. They gave rise to a relatively new orthopedic subspecialty termed “limb lengthening and reconstruction surgery”. Based on a comprehensive literature search, we summarized the recent clinical practice and research in bone reconstruction by the Ilizarov method with a special focus on its modification and recognition by the world orthopedic community. The international influence of the Ilizarov method was reviewed in regard to the origin country of the authors and journal’s rating. The Ilizarov method and other techniques based on distraction osteogenesis have been used in many countries and on all populated continents. It proves its international significance and confirms the greatest contribution of Ilizarov GA to bone reconstruction surgery.

Keywords: Ilizarov method, Ilizarov apparatus, Distraction osteogenesis, Bone lengthening, Bone defect, Bone transport, Arthrodesis

Core Tip: The Ilizarov method of bone reconstruction involves bone repair and new bone formation. It is based on the biological phenomenon of distraction osteogenesis that is used for bone lengthening and deformity correction. The Ilizarov bone transport is a salvage procedure for a number of conditions, including large bone defects and infection. The method gave an impetus to new developments in bone reconstruction surgery based on the regeneration potential of bone tissue. Acceleration of distraction regenerate consolidation is one of the objectives of the current research in new bone formation.