Disaccharidase activity in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A systematic review

Table 1 Description of 13 studies examining intestinal disaccharides in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy with sample size less than 50

Ref.	Histology association between histology and disaccharidase activity	Other underlying condition	Sample size, % male	Age range, mean	Ethnicity	Lactase (μmol/min per gram)	Sucrase (μmol/min per gram)mean	Maltase(μmol/min per gram)mean	Palatinase (μmol/min per gram)mean
Disaccharidase values in iron-deficient infants (1981) Lanzkowsky et al[35] United States	No abnormalities	Severe nutritional iron deficiency anemia	10 (5 biopsied), sex not reported	8-30 mo, 14.9 mo	Not reported	Initial: 10 Post-iron treatment: 40	Initial: 140 Post-iron treatment: 230	Initial: 190 Post-iron treatment: 400	Not reported
Diamine oxidase and disaccharidase activities in small intestinal biopsies of children (1984) Forget et al[24] Belgium	No abnormalities	Bronchitis, vomiting, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive	18, 61%	0.2-6 yr, 2.32 yr	Not reported	1.78 (measured in U/g wet weight)	4.34 (measured in U/g wet weight)	15.48 (measured in U/g wet weight)	Not reported
Dissacharidase deficiency in children with immunologic deficits (1970) Dubois et al[30] United States	Villous atrophy in two patients with idiopathic acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. No abnormalities in all other patients; Association not reported	Congenital hypogammaglobulinemia; Idiopathic acquired hypogammaglobulinemia; Isolated IgA deficiency; Thymic Dysplasia, Thymic alymphoplasia	18, 77.80%	3 mo-16 yr, 8.72 yr	Caucasian	14.2 (21 biopsies)	40.1 (20 biopsies)	150 (20 biopsies)	Not reported
Histologic findings are not correlated with disaccharidase activities in infants with protracted diarrhea (1991) Shulman et al[5] United States	Mucosal inflammation; No association	Diarrhea of approximately 2 wk, mild to severe malnutrition	21, sex not reported	1.0-6.0 mo, 2.5 ± 1.5 mo	Not reported	17.1	71.1	224.3	Not reported
Intestinal disaccharidase deficiency in children with coeliac disease (1966) Arthur et al[22] United Kingdom	Mucosal inflammation and increased cells in lamina propria; Association not reported	Coeliac disease, post-gastroenteritis, monosaccharide intolerance, and pancreatic hypoplasia	22, 50% Normal: 6 Celiac disease: 12 Miscellaneous conditions: 4	7 mo-10.58 yr, 2.84 yr	Not reported	3.17 (measured in U/g wet weight)	3.42 (measured in U/g wet weight)	9.98 (measured in U/g wet weight)	1.34 (measured in U/g wet weight)
Lactose absorption and mucosal disaccharidases in covalescent pellagra and kwashiorkor children (1971) Prinsloo et al[26] South Africa	No abnormalities	Kwashiorkor, classical pellagra without oedema	22, 68.18%	15 mo-12 yr, 8.758 yr	Bantu	5.28	50.4	173.5	Not reported
Intestinal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activity in giadiasis (1984) Welsh et al[7] United States	Villous atrophy in two patients; No association	Giardiasis, diarrhea of 2 wk to 12 mo duration	23, 43%	11 mo-14 yr, 3.39 yr	Caucasian	46	82	269	Not reported
Moderate and severe protein energy malnutrition in childhood: Effects on jejunal mucosal morphology and disaccharidase activites (1983) Römer et al[25] Venezuela	Villous atrophy; Association not reported	Degrees of Malnutrition: I Degree (10%-24% deficit), II Degree (25%-39% deficit), III Degree (over 40% deficit), marasmic kwashiorkor	33, 60.60%	0.7-5.6 yr Mean not reported	Not reported	11.4	59	191.5	Not reported
Disaccharidase activities in jejunal fluid (1983) Aramayo et al[12] United Kingdom	Villous atrophy and parasitic infection; Association present for lactase, sucrase, and maltase	STVA, unspecified gastrointestinal symptoms	29, sex not reported	10 mo-14 yr, 5.9 yr	Not reported	3.67 (measured in U/g wet weight) (approximated from figure)	6.39 (measured in U/g wet weight) (approximated from figure)	23 (measured in U/g wet weight) (approximated from figure)	Not reported
Reinvestigation of lactose intolerant children: lack of correlation between continuing lactose intolerance and small intestinal morphology, disaccharidase activity, and lactose tolerance tests (1977) Harrison et al[8] United Kingdom	Mucosal inflammation and villous atrophy; No association	Secondary lactose intolerance	30, 69%	2-38 mo, 10.4 mo	Not reported	2.3 (data from 4 patients) (measured in U/g wet weight)	4.4 (data from 4 patients) (measured in U/g wet weight)	16.4 (data from 4 patients) (measured in U/g wet weight)	Not reported
Disaccharidases in coeliac disease (1983) Horvath et al[6] Hungary	Villous atrophy; No association	Confirmed and suspected coeliac disease	30, sex not reported	8 mo-10 yr, 2.4 yr	Not reported	2.1 (measured in U/g wet weight)	Not reported	16 (measured in U/g wet weight)	Not reported
Quantitative assay of disaccharidase activities of small intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens in infancy and childhood (1965) Townley et al[23] United States	Villous atrophy; Association not reported	Urinary tract infection, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, hepatosplenomegaly, hypoproteinemia, protein-losing enteropathy, anemia, celiac disease	36, 58.30%	1/12-16 11/12 yr, 3.62 yr	Not reported	1.91 (measured in U/g wet weight)	3.6 (measured in U/g wet weight)	13.2 (measured in U/g wet weight)	4.03 (measured in U/g wet weight)
Disaccharidase activities in dyspeptic children: Biochemical and molecular investigations of maltase-glucoamylase activity (2002) Karnsakul et al[3] United States	No abnormalities	Dyspepsia, abdominal pain, reflux, vomiting	44, 66.70%	0.5-18 yr, 9.5 yr	37 Caucasian (84%) 1 Hispanic (2%) 2 African (5%)	7.01 (data from 12 patients)	19.2 (data from 11 patients)	92.66 (data from 8 patients)	Not reported