Anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of CaG-NANA, a new sialic acid derivative

Figure 5 Expression levels of interleukine-1β, interleukine-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukine-10 in blood serum determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assays were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and all experiments were repeated in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed using Dunn’s multiple comparison test with significance set at ^aP < 0.1 and ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01. A: IL-1β; B: IL-6; C: TNF-α; D: IL-10. IL: Interleukine; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; S-NANA: Standard N-acetylneuraminic acid; G-NANA: Glycomacropeptide-N-acetylneuraminic acid; CaG-NANA: Calcium-glycomacropeptide-N-acetylneuraminic acid.