Review of imaging modalities and radiological findings of calvarial lesions

Table 2 Classification of all calvarial lesions

Classification of calvarial lesions
Anatomic and congenital variants	Idiopathic lesions
Arachnoid granulations	Hyperostosis frontalis interna
Venous lakes (Lacunae)	Bilateral parietal thinning
Parietal/biparietal foramina	Gorham’s disease
Lacunar skull	Parry-romberg syndrome
Dermoid cyst	Infectious and inflammatory lesions
Epidermoid cyst	Osteomyelitis
Skeletal dysplasia	Sarcoidosis
Convolutional markings and beaten copper skull	Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Tuberous sclerosis	Benign calvarial lesions
Encephalocele and atretic encephalocele	Fibrous dysplasia
Sinus pericranii	Osteoma
Aplasia cutis congenita	Primary intraosseous meningioma
External occipital protuberance	Intraosseous venous malformation
Iatrogenic and traumatic lesions	Aneurysmal bone cyst
Burr holes	Giant cell tumor
Flap osteonecrosis	Intraosseous lipoma
Congenital skull depression	Bone Desmoplastic Fibroma
Leptomeningeal cyst	Malignant calvarial lesions
Calcified cephal hematoma	Metastasis
Metabolic calvarial lesions	Multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma
Paget’s disease	Lymphoma
Chronic anemia	Leukemia
Hyperparathyroidism	Osteosarcoma
Renal osteodystrophy	Neuroblastoma
Acromegaly	Solitary fibrous tumor
Rickets and osteomalacia	Chordoma
Phenytoin-induced hyperostosis	Chondrosarcoma
Scurvy	Ewing’s sarcoma
	Rhabdomyosarcoma