Review of imaging modalities and radiological findings of calvarial lesions

Table 1 Calvarial lesions may be solitary, multiple or diffuse, as well as lytic, sclerotic or mixed pattern

Appearances of calvarial lesions
Solitary lesions	Multiple lesions	Diffuse lesions
Metastasis1,2,3	Metastasis1,2,3	Metastasis1,2,3
Fibrous dysplasia1,2,3	Fibrous dysplasia1,2,3	Fibrous dysplasia1,2,3
Lymphoma1,2,3	Lymphoma1,2,3	Paget’s disease1,2,3
Langerhans cell histiocytosis1	Langerhans cell histiocytosis1	Bone marrow hyperplasia (e.g., thalassemia1, myeloma1)
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts1	Myeloma1	Renal osteodystrophy1
Primary bone tumors (e.g., aneurysmal bone cyst1, lipoma1)	Leukemia1	Bone turnover abnormalities (e.g., hyperparathyroidism1)
Intraosseous meningioma1,2,3
Intraosseous venous malformation1,3
Osteoma2
Osteomyelitis1
Osteosarcoma2

¹Lytic.

²Sclerotic.

³Mixed.