Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Radiol. Jan 28, 2023; 15(1): 20-31
Published online Jan 28, 2023. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v15.i1.20
Diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted imaging and semiquantitative and quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in salivary gland tumors
Erkan Gökçe, Murat Beyhan
Erkan Gökçe, Murat Beyhan, Department of Radiology, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat 60100, Turkey
Author contributions: Gökçe E designed the study; Beyhan M supervised the study; Gökçe E and Beyhan M participated in literature research and manuscript preparation, and read and approved the final version.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine (20-KAEK-105).
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent for the study as figures from picture archiving and communication systems were studied retrospectively.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Erkan Gökçe, MD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Kaleardı Neighborhood, Muhittin Fisunoglu Street, Tokat 60100, Turkey. drerkangokce@gmail.com
Received: July 5, 2022
Peer-review started: July 5, 2022
First decision: September 5, 2022
Revised: September 15, 2022
Accepted: December 13, 2022
Article in press: December 13, 2022
Published online: January 28, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Increased use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI consisting of sequential contrast series, allows us to obtain more information on the microstructure, cellularity, interstitial distance, and vascularity of tumors, which has increased the discrimination power for benign and malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs). In the last few years, quantitative DCE MRI data containing T1 perfusion parameters (Ktrans, Kep and Ve), were reported to contribute to the differentiation of benign or malignant subtypes in SGTs.

AIM

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DWI and semiquantitative and quantitative perfusion MRI parameters in SGTs.

METHODS

Diffusion MRI [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value] with a 1.5 T MR machine, semiquantitative perfusion MRI [time intensity curve (TIC) pattern], and quantitative perfusion MRI examinations (Ktrans, Kep and Ve) of 73 tumors in 67 patients with histopathological diagnosis performed from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. In the ADC value and semiquantitative perfusion MRI measurements, cystic components of the tumors were not considered, and the region of interest (ROI) was manually placed through the widest axial section of the tumor. TIC patterns were divided into four groups: Type A = Tpeak > 120 s; type B = Tpeak ≤ 120 s, washout ratio (WR) ≥ 30%; type C = Tpeak ≤ 120 s, WR < 30%; and type D = flat TIC. For the quantitative perfusion MRI analysis, a 3D ROI was placed in the largest solid component of the tumor, and the Ktrans, Kep and Ve values were automatically generated.

RESULTS

The majority of SGTs were located in the parotid glands (86.3%). Of all the SGTs, 68.5% were benign and 31.5% were malignant. Significant differences were found for ADC values among pleomorphic adenomas (PMAs), Warthin's tumors (WTs), and malignant tumors (MTs) (P < 0.001). PMAs had type A and WTs had type B TIC pattern while the vast majority of MTs and other benign tumors (OBTs) (54.5% and 45.5%, respectively) displayed type C TIC pattern. PMAs showed no washout, while the highest mean WR was observed in WTs (59% ± 11%). Ktrans values of PMAs, WTs, OBTs, and MTs were not significantly different. Kep values of PMAs and WTs were significantly different from those of OBTs and MTs. Mean Ve value of WTs was significantly different from those of PMAs, OBTs, and MTs (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The use of quantitative DCE parameters along with diffusion MRI and semiquantitative contrast-enhanced MRI in SGTs could improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords: Diffusion-weighted imaging, Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Perfusion imaging, Salivary gland tumor, Tumor

Core Tip: In this study, the diagnostic features of diffusion-weighted imaging and semiquantitative and quantitative perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were evaluated in salivary gland tumors. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of pleomorphic adenomas (PMAs) were significantly higher than those of Warthin's tumors (WTs), other benign tumors (OBTs), and malignant tumors (MTs). On semiquantitative MRI, PMAs were distinguished from all other tumors by their long Tpeak times and lack of washout. WTs had the shortest Tpeak and highest washout ratio values. For quantitative perfusion MRI parameters, the Kep value of WTs was significantly higher than those of other tumors. The Ve values of WTs and OBTs differed significantly from those of PMAs and MTs.