Randomized controlled trial of remote ischemic preconditioning and atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Table 4 Clinical outcomes in the control group vs remote ischemic preconditioning group

Characteristic	Control (n = 51)	RIPC (n = 51)	P
Primary endpoint
POAF % (n)	41.2 (21)	54.0 (27)	0.23
Secondary endpoints
Other arrhythmia % (n)	13.7 (7)	11.8 (6)	1.00
MI % (n)	3.9 (2)	0.0 (0)	0.50
Stroke % (n)	0.0 (0)	3.9 (2)	0.24
Mean EF (± SD)	53.1 (± 14.8)	50.5 (± 16.9)	0.43
Bleeding % (n)	21.6 (11)	28.0 (14)	0.50
Mean cross-clamp time (± SD)	88.7 (± 44.8)	93.0 (± 38.5)	0.61
In-hospital mortality % (n)	0 (0)	3.9 (2)	0.50
30-d mortality (after discharge) % (n)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.0
30-d readmission % (n)	11.8 (6)	16.3 (8)	0.57
Mean LOS (± SD)	13.7 (± 7.8)	14.0 (± 7.7)	0.87

EF: Ejection fraction; LOS: Length of stay; MI: Myocardial infarction; POAF: Post-operative atrial fibrillation; RIPC: Remote ischemic preconditioning; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction.