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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Jun 26, 2025; 17(6): 107102
Published online Jun 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i6.107102
Published online Jun 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i6.107102
Table 1 Baseline score, n (%)
| Did patient see an optimal medical therapy in heart failure certified provider | |||
| No (n = 21) | Yes (n = 63) | P value | |
| GDMT score at discharge | |||
| Number of core medications at discharge (mean ± SD) | 2 ± 0.95 | 2.26 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
| Number of core medications at discharge | 0.43 | ||
| 0 | 1 (4.76) | 6 (9.52) | |
| 1 | 5 (23.81) | 10 (15.87) | |
| 2 | 9 (42.86) | 16 (25.39) | |
| 3 | 5 (23.81) | 23 (36.50) | |
| 4 | 1 (4.76) | 8 (12.7) | |
| On at least one core medication at discharge | 20 (95.7) | 57 (88.5) | 0.67 |
| GDMT total score, mean at admission (mean ± SD) | 1.29 ± 1.8 | 1.32 ± 1.7 | 0.65 |
| GDMT total score, mean at discharge (mean ± SD) | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 3.44 ± 2.0 | 0.18 |
| Optimal dosing of core medications at discharge | 0.11 | ||
| Sub-optimal (GDMT total score < 3) | 13 (56.5) | 19 (31.1) | |
| Acceptable (GDMT total score 3–4) | 5 (21.7) | 25 (41.0) | |
| Optimal (GDMT total score ≥ 5) | 5 (21.7) | 17 (27.9) | |
| Individual core medication used at discharge | |||
| Beta-blocker | 20 (95.2) | 55 (87.3) | 0.44 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 6 (28.57) | 36 (57.1) | 0.04 |
| Ace inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker or angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor | 14 (66.6) | 41(65.07) | 1.00 |
| Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor | 2 (9.52) | 11 (17.46) | 0.50 |
| Ivabradine | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | -- |
| Vericiguat | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | -- |
| Hydralazine/nitrates | 4 (15.87) | 10 (15.87) | 0.74 |
| Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire | |||
| Mean scores at admission | |||
| Total score (mean ± SD) | 53.09 ± 27.3 | 55.80 ± 26.5 | 0.69 |
| Physical dimension score (items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13) (mean ± SD) | 25 ± 11.22 | 26.35 ± 12.11 | 0.65 |
| Emotional dimension score (items 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) (mean ± SD) | 12.76 ± 9.0 | 12.71 ± 7.4 | 0.98 |
| Mean scores at 30 days after discharge | |||
| Total score (mean ± SD) | 47.23 ± 27.5 | 28.7 ± 25.93 | < 0.001 |
| Physical dimension score (items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13) (mean ± SD) | 22.28 ± 15.15 | 12.4 ± 12.3 | < 0.01 |
| Emotional dimension score (items 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) (mean ± SD) | 11.33 ± 7.08 | 7.9 ± 7.8 | 0.08 |
| Mean delta change from admission to 30 days after discharge | |||
| Total score delta (mean ± SD) | -5.85 ± 23.52 | -27.03 ± 24.59 | < 0.001 |
| Physical dimension score delta (items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13) (mean ± SD) | -2.71 ± 11.16 | -13.8 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 |
| Emotional dimension score delta (items 17, 18, 19, 20, 21) (mean ± SD) | -1.42 ± 5.98 | -4.76 ± 8.10 | 0.09 |
- Citation: Ishaq F, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA, Ebunlomo E, Bhimaraj A, Fida N. Impact of optimal medical therapy in heart failure certification for hospitalists on guideline-directed medical therapy utilization. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(6): 107102
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i6/107102.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i6.107102