Long-term prognostic role of adiponectin in stable coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of prospective studies

Table 2 Characteristics of study population, n (%)

Ref.	Location	Study design	Cohort	Sample size	Mean/median age (years)	Median follow-up (years)	Male participants	Hypertension	Hyperlipidemia	DM	Obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2)	History of myocardial infarction	Smoking	Adiponectin cut offs	Outcomes reported (ACM, MACE)	Multivariable regression analysis was adjusted for which variables/confounders
Marino et al[15], 2018	Netherlands	Prospective	Total: 570, ACS: 309, SAP: 261	261	N/A	1	203 (77.8)	161(61.70)	Hypercholesterolemia: 180 (69)	59 (22.60)	N/A	N/A	49 (18.8)	In ACS patients-median IQR: 2.9 (1.8-4.1 μg/mL) μg/mL. In SAP patients-median IQR: 2.9 (1.9-3.9 μg/mL) μg/mL	ACM adjusted OR/HR = 8.48 (0.92-78.03), MACE adjusted OR/HR = 1.33 (0.41-4.28)	ACS and SAP-adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, and CRP. Additionally, adjusted for indication for coronary angiography in the total cohort
Pratesi et al[16], 2016	Italy	Prospective	Stable CAD	138	69.3 ± 10.4	3.8	122 (89.7)	98 (71)	99 (71.70)	61 (42.20)	Mean level of BMI was 26.8 kg/m2 ± 4.1 kg/m2	114 (82.60)	91 (65.94)	13.2 ng/mL	ACM adjusted OR/HR = 11.31 (2.89-44.28)	Model 1 (ACM), age, gender, BMI, Inflammatory Disease Score, previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, NYHA class, EF, hemoglobin, NT-proBNP, eGFR. Model 2 (cardiovascular hospitalisation rate): age, gender, BMI, smoking, NYHA class, hemoglobin, NT-proBNP, EF
Hascoet et al[14], 2013	France	Prospective	Stable CAD	715	60.2 ± 8	8.1	715 (100)	44.60%	64.90%	24.8%	N/A	N/A	82.50%	9.1 μg/mL	ACM adjusted OR/HR = 1.71 (1.16-2.52)	Diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension, systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, tobacco consumption, hsCRP, HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), ankle-arm index, and physical activity
Beatty et al[13], 2012	United States	Prospective	Stable ischemic heart disease	981	64 ± 10.5, 64.9 ± 10.2, 67.6 ± 10.9, 70.5 ± 11.2	7.1	800 (81.5)	691	N/A	259	N/A	N/A	N/A	Lowest detectable: 145.4 pg/mL. Median: 21.3 μg/mL	ACM adjusted OR/HR = 1.77 (1.12-2.67)	Model 1 adjusts for Demographics (age, sex, race). Model 2 adjusts for model 1 + clinical risk factors (diabetes, eGFR, beta-blocker, aspirin, statin). Model 3 adjusts for model 2 + metabolic markers (BMI, hemogloblin A1c, insulin, glucose, non-HDL cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides). Model 4 adjusts for model 3 + measures of baseline cardiac disease severity (left ventricle ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, inducible ischemia, log CRP, log NT-proBNP)
Schnabel et al[17], 2008	Germany	Prospective	Total: 1890; stable CAD: 1130; ACS: 760	1130	63	2.5	906 (80.2)	896	Total cholesterol: 194; HDL: 48; low density lipoprotein: 121; triglycerides: 129	DM: None or diet: 929; oral: 103; insulin: 98	N/A	N/A	No: 413; past: 523; present: 194	Not mentioned but concentrations were similar in patients presenting with SAP [9.03 μg/mL (6.7-13.45 μg/mL)] or ACS [(9.19 μg/mL (6.72-13.15 μg/mL)]	MACE adjusted OR/HR = 1.04 (1.008-1.062)	Model 1, univariate analysis. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, status, HDL cholesterol family history, ACS (only for total population). Model 3 is adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, status, family history, ACS, statins, and beta blocker. Model 4 is adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, status, family history, statins and beta blocker, BNP, and CRP

ACM: All cause mortality; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; BMI: Body mass index; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; DM: Diabetes mellitus; EF: Ejection fraction; EGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: High density lipoprotein; HR: Hazard ratio; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide; NYHA: New York Heart Association; IQR: Interquartile range; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; N/A: Not available; OR: Odds ratio; SAP: Stable angina pectoris.