Circulating microRNAs in predicting fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review

Table 2 Key findings of microRNAs linked to fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

miRNA	Role in fibrosis	Diagnostic/prognostic potential
miR-199a-3p	Promotes fibrosis by modulating profibrotic genes and regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway	Potential therapeutic target to reduce cardiac fibrosis
miR-21	Associated with extensive myocardial fibrosis evident from imaging studies	Biomarker for assessing fibrosis severity through non-invasive imaging
miR-4454	Correlates with ventricular fibrosis and septal wall thickness	Biomarker for detecting fibrosis extent and ventricular structural changes
miR-221	Involved in myocardial remodeling, hypertrophy, and fibrosis regulation	Biomarker for myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac function
miR-642a-3p	Positively correlated with LV fibrosis	Biomarker for LV fibrosis detection
miR-29a	Specific for fibrosis in HCM; regulates pathological fibrosis mechanisms	Diagnostic biomarker for assessing myocardial remodeling: AUC = 0.810
miR-133a-3p	Plays a role in diffuse fibrosis in HCM	Diagnostic biomarker for myocardial fibrosis; better utility in combination with other miRNAs

HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LV: Left ventricle; miRNA: microRNA; AUC: Area under the curve.