Patients’ time in therapeutic range on warfarin among atrial fibrillation patients in Warfarin Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of poor time in therapeutic range < 60% among atrial fibrillation patients

Baseline characteristic	Univariate			Multivariate
				Model 11					Model 22
	OR	95%CI	P	aOR	95%CI		P		aOR	95%CI	P
Age	1.0	0.9-1.0	0.976
Ethnicity
Malay	1.0	Reference	-
Chinese	1.3	0.2-7.7	0.800
Indian	0.8	0.1-5.1	0.845
Others	2.4	0.3-16.9	0.380
Gender
Male	1.0	Reference	-
Female	0.9	0.6-1.3	0.580
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	1.7	1.1-2.5	0.009	1.3		0.8-1.9		0.240
Hypertension	1.2	0.8-1.9	0.318
Ischemic heart disease	1.8	1.1-2.8	0.018	1.3		0.8-2.1		0.317
Peripheral vascular disease	0.4	0.1-2.2	0.328
Stroke/transient ischemic attack	0.9	0.5-1.7	0.814
Deep vein Thrombosis/pulmonary embolism	1.4	0.1-21.9	0.828
Heart failure	1.1	0.5-2.4	0.823						1.0	0.5-2.4	0.913
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma	0.8	0.3-1.9	0.558
Chronic kidney disease	1.9	1.1-3.6	0.028	1.2		0.6-2.3		0.585	1.2	0.7-2.4	0.514
Dyslipidaemia	0.7	0.5-1.2	0.197
Chronic rheumatic heart disease	1.9	0.8-5.4	0.169
CHA2DS2-VASc score	1.4	0.9-2.1	0.060						0.9	0.6-1.4	0.629
HAS-BLED Score
Low bleeding risk (score ≤ 2)	1.0	Reference	-
High bleeding risk (score ≥ 3)	2.9	1.9-4.4	< 0.001	2.5		1.6-3.9		< 0.001	2.9	1.8-4.7	< 0.001

¹Model 1, adjusted to significant variables of the study populations.

²Model 2, adjusted to heart failure, chronic kidney disease, CHA2DS2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score. aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TTR: Time in therapeutic range.