Diabetes-induced mechanophysiological changes in the small intestine and colon

Table 3 Diabetes mellitus-induced motor and sensory changes of intestine and colon

Changes	Intestine	Colon
Motor	Transit time ↑↓[43,78-80,84,87] Muscle tone ↓[80] Jejunal contractility in response to flow and ramp distension after carbachol application ↑[81] Ileal contractility in response to distension ↑[83] The force generated by the smooth muscle per unit ↓[82,83] Dysmotility DM patients[88,90] Migrating motor complex disorders[89]	Transit time ↑[85,92-99,101,102,106] Contractility ↑↓[104,108,109,111-113] Carbachol induced contractions in muscle ↑↓[100,107,112] Spontaneous contractility ↑↓[100,102] Contraction and relaxation of circular muscle strips from DM were impaired[105]
Sensory	Sensitivity of human duodenum to the combination of mechanical, thermal and electrical stimulations ↓[114] Sensitivity of rat jejunum to the mechanical stimulation ↑	Sensitivity of rat colon to the mechanical stimulation ↑[103,115,116]

DM: Diabetes mellitus.