Nuclear localization of proteasome subunit beta 5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and promotes invasion in colorectal cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.122057

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2026; 18(8): 122057
Published online Aug 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.122057

Table 6 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for overall survival in colorectal cancer patients

Parameters	Univariate Cox regression			Multivariate Cox regression
Parameters	HR	95%CI for HR	P value	HR	95%CI for HR	P value
Age	1.716	0.836-3.525	0.141
Gender	0.829	0.422-1.628	0.586
Tumor size	0.677	0.342-1.340	0.263
Differentiation	0.266	0.132-0.532	0.001^b	0.548	0.261-1.151	0.112
Depth of invasion	27.467	0.637-1184.629	0.085
Lymph node metastasis	3.599	1.717-7.543	0.001^b	0.325	0.120-0.876	0.026^a
Distant metastasis	7.417	3.692-14.898	0.001^b	2.521	1.071-5.934	0.034^a
TNM stage	19.904	4.760-83.235	0.001^b	9.455	1.434-62.343	0.020^a
PSMB5 expression	6.477	1.549-27.075	0.010^a	0.856	0.097-7.515	0.888
PSMB5 localization¹			0.001^b			0.016^a
PSMB5 localization (1)²	41.534	5.576-309.408	0.001^b	18.069	2.137-152.804	0.008^b
PSMB5 localization (2)³	33.024	5.256-320.203	0.001^b	24.432	2.754-216.782	0.004^b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

¹Proteasome subunit beta 5 localization represents the overall comparison among the three expression patterns (nuclear, cytoplasmic, and combined nuclear + cytoplasmic).

²Proteasome subunit beta 5 localization (1) represents the comparison between nuclear expression and cytoplasmic expression.

³Proteasome subunit beta 5 localization (2) represents the comparison between combined nuclear + cytoplasmic expression and cytoplasmic expression.

TNM: Tumor, node, and metastasis; PSMB5: Proteasome subunit beta 5; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Xu AP, She SP, Xiao YS, Lang J, Yuan JF, Zeng YF. Nuclear localization of proteasome subunit beta 5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and promotes invasion in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(8): 122057
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i8/122057.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.122057

Xu AP, She SP, Xiao YS, Lang J, Yuan JF, Zeng YF. Nuclear localization of proteasome subunit beta 5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and promotes invasion in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(8): 122057 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.122057]

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