Nuclear localization of proteasome subunit beta 5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and promotes invasion in colorectal cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.122057

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2026; 18(8): 122057
Published online Aug 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.122057

Table 5 Proteasome subunit beta 5 localization and clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer

Parameters	Total number (n = 126)	Cytoplasm (n = 56)	Nucleus (n = 41)	Cytoplasm and nucleus (n = 29)	χ² value	P value
Age (years)
< 60	54	25	19	10	0.186	0.911
≥ 60	72	34	23	15	0.186	0.911
Gender
Male	65	30	18	17	2.233	0.442
Female	61	26	23	12	2.233	0.442
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	62	31	18	13	1.018	0.601
≥ 5	64	28	24	12	1.018	0.601
Differentiation
Well/moderate	102	57	27	18	18.246	0.001^a
Poor	24	2	15	7	18.246	0.001^a
Depth of invasion
T1-T2	19	16	2	1	12.566	0.002^a
T3-T4	107	43	40	24	12.566	0.002^a
Lymph node metastasis
No	71	52	11	8	45.793	0.001^a
Yes	55	7	31	17	45.793	0.001^a
Distant metastasis
No	97	55	25	17	17.143	0.001^a
Yes	29	4	17	8	17.143	0.001^a
TNM stage
I-II	59	49	4	6	59.797	0.001^a
III-IV	67	10	38	19	59.797	0.001^a

^aP < 0.01.

Three cases with completely negative proteasome subunit beta 5 expression by immunohistochemistry were excluded from subcellular localization analysis. TNM: Tumor, node, and metastasis.

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Citation: Xu AP, She SP, Xiao YS, Lang J, Yuan JF, Zeng YF. Nuclear localization of proteasome subunit beta 5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and promotes invasion in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(8): 122057
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i8/122057.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.122057

Xu AP, She SP, Xiao YS, Lang J, Yuan JF, Zeng YF. Nuclear localization of proteasome subunit beta 5 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker and promotes invasion in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(8): 122057 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.122057]

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