Targeting SHP2: Dual breakthroughs in colorectal cancer therapy–from signaling pathway modulation to immune microenvironment remodeling

Figure 4 SHP2 regulates the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment. SHP2 regulates the PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and RAS/ERK pathways to mediate tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, and tumor growth. In tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), SHP2 mediates cytokine release, angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment remodeling through PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and STAT3 signaling pathways, leading to colorectal cancer metastasis. In T cells, SHP2 primarily participates in tumor microenvironment remodeling and mediates tumor suppression through the STAT1 and IFN-γ pathways. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase. Created with biogdp.com (Supplementary material).