Importance of landscape exploration and progress in molecular therapies and precision medicine for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Phase II/III trials of first-line chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer published previously

Clinical trial identifier	Year	Patients	Clinical phase	Tumor stage	Treatment regimen	Median OS (months)	Median PFS (months)	Ref.
JCOG1407 UMIN000023143	2022	126	Phase II	LAPC	mFOLFIRINOX/gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel	23.0 vs 21.3	11.2 vs 9.4	[48]
PREOPANC Eudra CT 2012-003181-40	2022	246	Phase III	rPC	Gemcitabine + surgery	15.7 vs 14.3	NA	[49]
NAPOLI 3 NCT04083235	2023	770	Phase III	mPDAC	NALIRIFOX vs nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine	11.1 vs 9.2	7.4 vs 5.6	[53]
PRODIG-4 ACCO TD-11	2022	406	Phase III	PDAC	Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel vs FOLFIRINOX	9.4 vs 7.5	Failure	[61]
MPACT NCT00844649	2013	861	Phase III	mPDAC	Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine + gemcitabine	8.5 vs 6.7	5.5 vs 3.7	[57]
NEONAX NCT02047513	2023	127	Phase II	rPADC	Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel	15.7 vs 14.3	11.5 vs 5.9	[62]
NAPOLI 3	2024	2581	Phase III	mPC	NALIRIFOX, gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel + FOLFIRINOX	11.1 vs 10.4 vs 11.7	7.4 vs 5.7 vs 7.3	[63]
PRODIGE 65 NCT03943667	2024	211	Phase III	mPDAC	Gemcitabine and paclitaxel vs gemcitabine (GEMPAX)	6.4 vs 5.9	3.1 vs 2.0	[64]

OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; LAPC: Locally advanced pancreatic cancer; rPC: Resectable pancreatic cancer; NA: Not available; mPDAC: Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; NALIRIFOX: Liposomal irinotecan, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; mPC: Metastatic pancreatic cancer; rPADC: Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.