Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma according to body mass index and waist circumference in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, n (%)

Characteristics	Hepatocellular carcinoma		P value
	No (n = 1106000)	Yes (n = 4773)
Age (year), mean ± SD	49.1 ± 13.4	59.6 ± 11.1	< 0.001
Men	813054 (73.5)	3791 (79.4)	< 0.001
Smoking			< 0.001
Never	517549 (46.8)	2080 (43.6)
Former	211304 (19.1)	1064 (22.3)
Current	377147 (34.1)	1629 (34.1)
Alcohol consumption			0.224
None	509324 (46.1)	2240 (46.9)	-
Light-to-moderate	596676 (54.0)	2533 (53.1)	-
Regular exercise	200883 (18.2)	977 (20.5)	< 0.001
Low income (< 25%)	213577 (19.3)	1126 (23.6)	< 0.001
Anthropometrics
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.4 ± 2.8	26.0 ± 3.1	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	88.0 ± 6.6	88.9 ± 7.2	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	127.6 ± 14.6	130.7 ± 15.7	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.7 ± 9.8	80.3 ± 10.3	< 0.001
Laboratory findings, mean ± SD
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.7 ± 1.6	6.3 ± 2.2	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.4 ± 1.0	5.0 ± 1.0	< 0.001
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.3 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.7	0.046
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.1 ± 1.1	2.8 ± 1.1	< 0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (interquartile range)	2.0 (1.99-2.00)	1.7 (1.65-1.70)	< 0.001
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	85.4 ± 46.9	83.3 ± 27.9	0.002
Comorbidities
Hypertension	416881 (37.7)	2600 (54.5)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	309920 (28.0)	1108 (23.2)	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	155120 (14.0)	1481 (31.0)	< 0.001
Obesity	753485 (68.1)	2968 (62.2)	< 0.001
Abdominal obesity	505999 (45.8)	2423 (50.8)	< 0.001

HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.