Evaluation of tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, and lymphocytic infiltration in predicting survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Figure 1 Tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The grade was assessed according to the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference recommendations. A: Tumor budding (TB) 1 (1-4 tumor bud/hot spot), × 200; B: TB2 (5-9 tumor bud/hot spot), × 200; C: TB3 (10 tumor bud/hot spot), × 200; D: Desmoplastic reaction (DR) 1. Mature stroma composed of tightly packed collagen fibers, × 400; E: DR2, intermediate stroma consisting of areas of collagen that resemble keloids, × 400; F: DR3, immature stroma with myxoid alterations; G: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor stroma (≥ 5%), × 100; H: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (< 5%), × 200. Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Black arrows indicate tumor buds.