Evaluation of tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, and lymphocytic infiltration in predicting survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinicopathological characteristics on overall survival

Factors	n	Univariate survival analysis				Univariate Cox regression			Multivariate Cox regression
		Mean survival		Median survival		P value	HR	P value	95%CI	P value
		Estimate ± SE	95%CI	Estimate ± SE	95%CI
Age, years
< 61.75 ± 12.40	40	39.5 ± 2.8	33.900-45.000	44.0 ± 6.4	31.400-56.500	0.220	1.232	0.483	0.688-2.207	0.184
≥ 61.75 ± 12.40	60	45.8 ± 2.6	40.700-51.000	47.0 ± 1.8	43.400-50.500
Sex
Male	46	43.0 ± 3.6	35.900-50.200	47.0 ± 7.2	32.800-61.100	0.810	0.863	0.616	0.485-1.535	0.592
Female	54	44.4 ± 2.5	39.500-49.300	46.0 ± 1.5	42.900-49.000
Diameter, cm
< 1.43 ± 0.60	56	44.0 ± 38.6	38.600-49.400	47.0 ± 1.8	43.400-50.500	0.730	0.850	0.606	0.246-1.528	0.541
≥ 1.43 ± 0.60	44	42.2 ± 3.0	36.300-48.100	44.0 ± 3.0	38.000-49.900
Location
Head	55	29.1 ± 3.0	23.000-35.100	21.0 ± 2.9	15.100-26.800	0.590	1.523	0.582	1.081-2.404	0.053
Corpus	27	36.6 ± 28.8	28.800-44.400	37.0 ± 6.5	24.100-49.000
Tail	18	21.7 ± 3.5	14.800-28.600	17.0 ± 6.3	4.500-29.400
RM
R0	81	15.1 ± 3.6	8.000-22.100	6.0 ± 1.3	3.200-8.700	0.640	0.396	0.253	0.179-1.877	0.071
R1	19	8.6 ± 1.4	5.700-11.440	8.0 ± 2.9	2.300-13.700
Invasion
T1	28	33.0 ± 3.5	26.000-40.000	32.0 ± 3.1	25.700-38.200	0.320	0.739	0.116	0.507-1.078	0.197
T2	42	33.5 ± 2.9	27.700-39.200	36.0 ± 3.1	29.800-42.200
T3	26	42.0 ± 4.0	34.100-49.900	49.0 ± 9.3	30.600-67.300
T4	4	29.0	29.000-29.000	29.0	-
Node status
N0	56	19.0 ± 5.7	7.800-30.200	5.0 ± 1.0	3.000-6.900	0.550	1.585	< 0.020	0.523-2.096	0.961
N1	22	9.6 ± 1.1	7.300-11.900	9.0 ± 1.5	5.900-12.000
N2	22	7.6 ± 1.1	5.300-9.900	8.0 ± 1.8	4.400-11.600
LNM
Absent	56	45.8 ± 2.3	41.300-50.400	48.0 ± 1.6	44.800-51.100	< 0.001	1.388	< 0.049	0.874-12.741	0.821
Present	44	38.1 ± 4.3	29.600-46.600	36.0 ± 2.3	31.400-40.500
Metastasis
Absent	88	43.2 ± 2.0	39.100-47.300	46.0 ± 1.4	43.100-48.900	0.680	1.968	0.137	0.244-13.121	0.802
Present	12	41.1 ± 6.1	29.000-53.200	-	-
Stage
I	29	42.3 ± 2.9	36.500-48.000	45.0 ± 1.5	41.900-48.000	0.350	1.102	0.041	0.321-1.602	0.212
II	25	48.5 ± 3.7	41.100-55.900	48.0 ± 2.7	42.600-53.300
III	34	38.2 ± 4.9	28.400-47.900	36.0 ± 3.9	28.300-43.600
IV	12	41.1 ± 6.1	29.000-53.200	-	-
Grade
Low	35	47.3 ± 3.1	41.100-53.600	47.0 ± 1.5	43.900-50.000	0.140	0.748	0.210	0.475-1.177	0.265
Moderate	54	42.5 ± 2.8	37.000-48.000	48.0 ± 2.9	42.300-53.700
High	11	35.3 ± 5.2	24.900-45.600	36.0 ± 5.0	26.100-45.900
LVI
Absent	55	45.9 ± 2.4	41.100-50.600	47.0 ± 2.0	42.800-51.100	0.001	2.011	0.030	0.438-89.230	0.176
Present	45	38.6 ± 3.8	31.200-46.100	36.0 ± 4.8	26.400-45.500
PNI
Absent	25	42.9 ± 2.6	37.800-48.100	47.0 ± 1.0	45.000-48.900	0.950	0.095	0.950	0.891-4.182	0.143
Present	75	43.5 ± 2.7	38.200-48.800	45.0 ± 3.2	38.600-51.300
PTB
PTB1	18	51.8 ± 4.3	43.400-60.300	56.0 ± 3.8	48.500-63.400	< 0.001	3.065	< 0.001	1.561-5.334	< 0.001
PTB2	30	37.0 ± 2.4	32.300-41.700	35.0 ± 2.3	30.400-39.500
PTB3	52	15.9 ± 1.9	12.100-19.6	14.0 ± 0.8	12.000-15.900
ITB
ITB1	16	44.4 ± 3.6	37.300-51.500	46.0 ± 1.8	42.400-49.500	< 0.001	5.558	< 0.001	2.905-10.634	< 0.001
ITB2	18	40.2 ± 2.3	35.500-44.900	44.0 ± 6.4	31.400-56.500
ITB3	66	29.1 ± 2.6	23.900-34.200	28.0 ± 3.2	21.600-34.300
DR
DR1	26	43.7 ± 3.3	37.100-50.300	45.0 ± 6.5	32.100-57.800	0.680	1.445	0.075	0.964-2.168	0.340
DR2	27	40.3 ± 3.1	34.200-46.500	48.0	-
DR3	47	44.7 ± 3.3	38.200-51.300	48.0 ± 4.6	38.800-57.100
pTILs
↓pTILs	68	27.5 ± 2.6	22.300-32.700	21.0 ± 4.8	11.600-30.400	0.630	1.681	0.349	0.567-4.987	0.403
↑pTILs	32	35.3 ± 3.7	28.100-45.500	37.0 ± 9.8	17.700-56.300
sTILs
↓sTILs	72	23.6 ± 2.2	19.400-27.900	19.0 ± 1.4	16.400-21.500	< 0.001	0.476	0.022	0.205-1.105	0.044
↑sTILs	28	47.7 ± 4.1	39.200-55.600	27.0 ± 4.5	18.200-35.800

DR: Desmoplastic reaction; HR: Hazard ratio; ITB: Intratumoral budding; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; PTB: Peritumoral budding; pTILs: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (according to median value); RM: Resection margins; SE: Standard error; sTILs: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (according to scoring).