Evaluation of tumor budding, desmoplastic reaction, and lymphocytic infiltration in predicting survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Correlation of intratumoral budding, peritumoral budding, desmoplastic reaction, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with clinicopathological parameters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, n (%)

Factor	n	PTB1	PTB2	PTB3	ITB1	ITB2	ITB3	DR1	DR2	DR3	↓pTILs	↑pTILs	↓sTILs	↑sTILs
Age, years
< 61.75 ± 12.40	40	10 (55.6)	10 (33.3)	20 (38.5)	5 (31.3)	11 (61.1)	24 (36.4)	8 (30.8)	14 (51.9)	18 (38.3)	24 (35.3)	16 (50.0)	27 (37.5)	13 (46.4)
≥ 61.75 ± 12.40	60	8 (44.4)	20 (66.7)	32 (61.5)	11 (68.8)	7 (39.9)	42 (63.6)	18 (69.2)	13 (48.1)	29 (61.7)	44 (64.7)	16 (50.0)	45 (62.5)	15 (53.6)
Sex
Female	46	8 (44.4)	10 (33.3)	28 (53.8)	6 (37.5)	7 (38.9)	33 (50.0)	10 (38.5)	14 (51.9)	22 (46.8)	32 (47.1)	14 (43.8)	33 (45.8)	13 (46.4)
Male	54	10 (55.6)	20 (66.7)	24 (46.2)	10 (62.5)	11 (61.1)	33 (50.0)	16 (61.5)	13 (48.1)	25 (53.2)	36 (52.9)	18 (56.3)	39 (54.2)	15 (53.6)
Location
Head	55	10 (55.6)	14 (46.7)	31 (59.6)	10 (62.5)	7 (38.9)	38 (57.6)	14 (53.8)	11 (40.7)	30 (63.8)	35 (51.5)	20 (62.5)	42 (58.3)	13 (46.4)
Corpus	27	5 (27.8)	12 (40.0)	10 (19.2)	5 (31.3)	7 (38.9)	15 (22.7)	8 (30.8)	7 (25.9)	12 (25.5)	18 (26.5)	9 (28.1)	16 (22.2)	11 (39.3)
Tail	18	3 (16.6)	4 (13.3)	11 (21.2)	1 (6.2)	4 (22.2)	13 (19.7)	4 (15.4)	9 (33.4)	5 (10.6)	15 (22.0)	3 (9.4)	14 (19.4)	4 (14.3)
Diameter, cm
< 1.43 ± 0.60	56	13 (72.2)	12 (40.0)	31 (59.6)	9 (56.2)	9 (50.0)	38 (57.6)	12 (46.2)	16 (59.3)	28 (59.6)	34 (50.0)	22 (68.8)	40 (55.6)	16 (57.1)
≥ 1.43 ± 0.60	44	5 (27.8)	18 (60.0)	21 (40.4)	7 (43.8)	9 (50.0)	28 (42.4)	14 (53.8)	11 (40.7)	19 (40.4)	34 (50.0)	10 (31.2)	32 (44.4)	12 (42.9)
RM
R0	81	16 (88.9)	22 (73.3)	43 (82.7)	22 (84.6)	20 (74.1)	39 (83.0)	22 (84.6)	20 (74.1)	39 (83.0)	54 (79.4)	27 (84.4)	59 (81.9)	22 (78.6)
R1	19	2 (11.1)	8 (26.7)	9 (17.3)	4 (15.4)	7 (25.9)	8 (17.0)	4 (15.4)	7 (25.9)	8 (17.0)	14 (20.6)	5 (15.6)	13 (18.1)	6 (21.4)
Invasion
T1	28	11 (61.1)	4 (13.3)	13 (25.0)a	5 (31.3)	4 (22.2)	19 (28.8)	7 (26.9)	5 (18.6)	16 (34.0)	14 (20.6)	14 (43.8)b	20 (27.8)	8 (28.6)
T2	42	6 (33.3)	15 (50.0)	21 (40.4)	8 (50.0)	10 (55.6)	24 (36.4)	11 (42.3)	11 (40.7)	20 (42.6)	29 (42.6)	13 (40.6)	27 (37.5)	15 (53.6)
T3	26	1 (5.6)	11 (36.7)	14 (26.9)	3 (18.8)	3 (16.7)	20 (30.3)	7 (26.9)	10 (37.0)	9 (19.1)	21 (30.9)	5 (15.6)	22 (30.5)	4 (14.2)
T4	4	0	0	4 (7.7)	0	1 (5.5)	3 (4.5)	1 (3.9)	1 (3.7)	2 (4.3)	4 (5.9)	0	3 (4.2)	1 (3.6)
Node status
N0	56	14 (77.8)	20 (66.7)	22 (42.3)b	13 (81.2)	13 (72.2)	30 (45.4)	17 (65.4)	14 (51.9)	25 (53.2)	32 (47.0)	24 (75.0)b	35 (48.6)	21 (75.0)b
N1	22	2 (11.1)	7 (23.3)	13 (25.0)	1 (6.3)	2 (11.1)	19 (28.8)	3 (11.5)	7 (25.9)	12 (25.5)	18 (26.5)	4 (12.5)	16 (22.2)	6 (21.4)
N2	22	2 (11.1)	3 (10.0)	17 (32.7)	2 (12.5)	3 (16.7)	17 (25.8)	6 (23.1)	6 (22.2)	10 (21.3)	18 (26.5)	4 (12.5)	21 (29.2)	1 (3.6)
LNM
Absent	56	14 (77.8)	20 (66.7)	22 (42.3)a	13 (81.3)	13 (72.2)	30 (45.5)b	17 (65.4)	14 (51.9)	25 (53.2)	32 (47.1)	24 (75.0)a	35 (48.6)	21 (75.0)b
Present	44	4 (22.2)	10 (33.3)	30 (57.7)	3 (18.8)	5 (27.8)	36 (54.5)	9 (34.6)	13 (48.1)	22 (48.6)	36 (52.9)	8 (25.0)	37 (51.4)	7 (25.0)
Metastasis
Absent	88	17 (94.4)	27 (90.0)	44 (84.6)	15 (93.8)	16 (88.9)	57 (86.4)	21 (80.8)	23 (85.2)	44 (93.6)	58 (85.3)	30 (93.8)	62 (86.1)	26 (92.9)
Present	12	1 (5.6)	3 (10.0)	8 (15.4)	1 (6.2)	2 (11.1)	9 (13.6)	5 (19.2)	4 (14.8)	3 (6.4)	10 (14.7)	2 (6.3)	10 (13.9)	2 (7.1)
Stage
I	29	9 (50.0)	7 (23.3)	13 (25.0)b	9 (56.3)	5 (27.8)	15 (22.7)	7 (26.9)	6 (22.2)	16 (34.0)	14 (20.6)	15 (46.9)a	20 (27.8)	9 (32.1)b
II	25	5 (27.8)	12 (40.0)	8 (15.4)	3 (18.8)	7 (38.9)	15 (22.7)	8 (30.8)	9 (33.2)	8 (17.0)	15 (22.1)	10 (31.3)	13 (18.1)	12 (42.9)
III	34	3 (16.6)	8 (26.7)	23 (44.2)	3 (18.8)	4 (22.2)	27 (40.9)	6 (23.1)	8 (29.6)	20 (42.6)	29 (42.6)	5 (15.6)	29 (40.2)	5 (17.9)
IV	12	1 (5.6)	3 (10.0)	8 (15.4)	1 (6.3)	2 (11.1)	9 (13.6)	5 (19.2)	4 (14.8)	3 (6.4)	10 (14.7)	2 (6.3)	10 (13.9)	2 (7.1)
Grade
G1	35	6 (33.3)	12 (40.0)	17 (32.7)	9 (56.3)	5 (27.8)	21 (31.8)	11 (42.3)	9 (33.3)	15 (31.9)	24 (35.3)	11 (34.4)	23 (31.9)	12 (42.9)
G2	54	10 (55.6)	14 (46.7)	30 (57.7)	6 (37.5)	10 (55.6)	38 (57.6)	12 (46.2)	16 (59.3)	26 (55.3)	39 (57.4)	15 (46.9)	39 (54.2)	15 (53.5)
G3	11	2 (11.1)	4 (13.3)	5 (9.6)	1 (6.2)	3 (16.7)	7 (10.6)	3 (11.5)	2 (7.4)	6 (12.8)	5 (7.4)	6 (18.8)	10 (13.9)	1 (3.6)
LVI
Absent	55	15 (83.3)	18 (60.0)	22 (42.3)a	11 (68.8)	13 (72.2)	31 (40.0)	16 (61.5)	13 (48.1)	26 (55.3)	32 (47.1)	23 (71.9)b	34 (47.2)	21 (75.0)b
Present	45	3 (16.7)	12 (40.0)	30 (57.7)	5 (31.2)	5 (27.8)	35 (53.0)	10 (38.5)	14 (51.9)	21 (44.7)	36 (52.9)	9 (28.1)	38 (52.8)	7 (25.0)
PNI
Absent	25	7 (38.9)	10 (33.3)	8 (15.4)	6 (37.5)	6 (33.3)	13 (19.7)	7 (26.9)	7 (25.9)	11 (23.4)	15 (22.1)	10 (31.3)	17 (23.6)	8 (28.6)
Present	75	11 (61.1)	20 (66.7)	44 (84.6)	10 (62.5)	12 (66.7)	53 (80.3)	19 (73.1)	20 (74.1)	36 (76.6)	53 (77.9)	22 (68.8)	55 (76.4)	20 (71.4)
Survival
Deceased	68	6 (33.3)	18 (60.0)	44 (84.6)a	0	13 (72.2)	55 (83.3)a	15 (57.7)	20 (74.1)	33 (70.2)	50 (73.5)	18 (56.3)	57 (79.2)	11 (39.3)a
Alive	32	12 (66.7)	12 (40.0)	8 (15.4)	16 (100)	5 (27.8)	11 (16.7)	11 (42.3)	7 (25.9)	14 (29.8)	18 (26.5)	14 (43.8)	15 (20.8)	17 (60.7)
PTB
PTB1	18	-	-	-	10 (62.5)	3 (16.7)	5 (7.6)	7 (26.9)	2 (7.4)	9 (19.1)b	7 (10.3)	11 (34.4)b	11 (15.3)	7 (25.0)b
PTB2	30	-	-	-	5 (31.2)	14 (77.8)	11 (16.5)	12 (46.2)	8 (29.6)	10 (21.3)	20 (29.4)	10 (31.3)	18 (25.0)	12 (42.9)
PTB3	52	-	-	-	1 (6.3)	1 (5.5)	50 (75.9)	7 (26.9)	17 (63.0)	28 (59.6)	41 (60.3)	11 (34.4)	43 (59.7)	9 (32.1)
ITB
ITB1	16	-	-	-	-	-	-	10 (38.5)	1 (3.7)	5 (10.6)a	7 (10.3)	9 (28.1)b	6 (8.3)	10 (37.5)a
ITB2	18	-	-	-	-	-	-	5 (19.2)	6 (22.2)	7 (14.9)	11 (16.2)	7 (21.9)	10 (13.9)	8 (28.6)
ITB3	66	-	-	-	-	-	-	11 (42.3)	20 (74.1)	35 (74.5)	50 (73.5)	16 (50.0)	56 (77.8)	10 (35.7)
DR
DR1	26	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	15 (22.1)	11 (34.4)	19 (26.4)	7 (25.0)
DR2	27	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	19 (27.9)	8 (25.0)	17 (23.6)	10 (34.7)
DR3	47	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	34 (50.0)	13 (40.6)	36 (50.0)	11 (39.3)
Total	100	18	30	52	16	18	66	26	27	47	68	32	72	28

^aP < 0.005.

^bP < 0.05.

DR: Desmoplastic reaction; ITB: Intratumoral budding; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; PTB: Peritumoral budding; pTILs: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (according to median value); RM: Resection margins; sTILs: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (according to scoring).