Integrating ultrasound and serum indicators for evaluating outcomes of targeted immunotherapy in advanced liver cancer

Figure 6 Decision curve analysis for model comparison across cohorts. A: In the internal training cohort, the Target Immunotherapy Predictive Model (TIPM) is positioned in the upper right corner of the graph, indicating the highest clinical benefit rate; B: In the internal validation cohort, TIPM’s performance slightly decreased compared to the training cohort but remained in the upper right corner; C: In the external validation cohort, TIPM continued to occupy the upper right corner, demonstrating its robust external generalizability. TIPM: Target Immunotherapy Predictive Model; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CNLC: China Liver Cancer; HKLC: Hong Kong Liver Cancer; CRAFITY: C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy.