Integrating ultrasound and serum indicators for evaluating outcomes of targeted immunotherapy in advanced liver cancer

Figure 5 Calibration curves for model performance across cohorts. A: In the internal training cohort, the Target Immunotherapy Predictive Model (TIPM)’s calibration curve closely followed the diagonal line, indicating strong agreement between predicted and observed probabilities. Other models exhibited greater deviations from ideal calibration; B: In the internal validation cohort, the TIPM model demonstrated good accuracy across both high- and low-incidence regions, though it slightly overestimated risk in the central region; C: In the external validation cohort, TIPM closely followed the actual curve, showing better calibration than other models, while conventional models tended to overestimate patient risk. TIPM: Target Immunotherapy Predictive Model; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CNLC: China Liver Cancer; HKLC: Hong Kong Liver Cancer; CRAFITY: C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy.