Integrating ultrasound and serum indicators for evaluating outcomes of targeted immunotherapy in advanced liver cancer

Table 1 Basic information of all patients, n (%)

Variable	All patients	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Test statistic (F/H/χ²)	P value
Diameter	8.46 (7.09, 9.31)	8.46 (7.27, 9.32)	8.43 (7.32, 9.24)	8.28 (7.01, 9.31)	1.4	0.49
Age	51.00 (46.00, 57.00)	50.00 (45.00, 56.00)	52.00 (47.25, 62.00)	50.00 (45.00, 55.00)	4.41	0.11
PV	1.10 (1.00, 1.18)	1.06 (1.00, 1.15)	1.10 (1.00, 1.17)	1.10 (1.00, 1.20)	2.05	0.35
Height	160.00 (155.00, 162.00)	159.00 (155.00, 162.00)	159.50 (155.00, 162.00)	160.00 (156.00, 162.00)	2.13	0.34
Weight	57.00 (52.00, 62.00)	56.50 (52.00, 62.00)	56.50 (51.25, 62.00)	57.50 (52.00, 62.00)	1.11	0.57
BMI	22.46 (21.00, 24.22)	22.49 (21.04, 24.13)	22.10 (21.04, 24.17)	22.43 (21.00, 24.61)	0.51	0.77
WBC	5.29 (4.56, 6.55)	5.29 (4.58, 6.68)	5.42 (4.60, 6.09)	5.28 (4.56, 6.50)	0.32	0.85
Hemoglobin	123.00 (110.25, 131.00)	122.00 (110.50, 131.00)	126.50 (116.50, 131.75)	120.00 (110.00, 130.00)	2.19	0.33
PLT	238.50 (201.25, 280.00)	241.00 (202.00, 279.00)	231.50 (191.00, 255.00)	244.00 (205.00, 284.00)	2.94	0.23
Alanine aminotransferase	59.00 (34.00, 108.00)	65.00 (41.00, 123.50)	50.00 (31.25, 82.00)	56.00 (33.00, 88.00)	6.52	0.03
Aspartate aminotransferase	68.00 (41.00, 94.00)	73.00 (43.00, 105.00)	57.00 (34.75, 88.25)	68.00 (40.00, 93.00)	2.91	0.23
Alkaline phosphatase	235.00 (132.25, 377.50)	243.00 (150.50, 382.50)	192.50 (132.25, 300.00)	248.00 (111.00, 482.00)	1.9	0.38
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase	241.00 (108.00, 442.75)	247.00 (125.50, 448.00)	166.50 (108.00, 373.25)	204.00 (103.00, 448.00)	1.78	0.41
Albumin	39.00 (35.00, 42.00)	38.00 (35.00, 42.00)	39.00 (35.00, 43.00)	38.00 (35.00, 41.00)	1.01	0.60
Total bilirubin	16.75 (11.25, 28.80)	17.30 (11.70, 31.30)	14.80 (11.00, 20.10)	15.60 (11.00, 24.80)	2.92	0.23
Direct bilirubin	3.65 (2.40, 9.20)	4.20 (2.40, 13.05)	3.10 (2.23, 5.47)	3.70 (2.40, 8.10)	3.81	0.14
Indirect bilirubin	12.10 (8.60, 17.30)	12.50 (9.35, 18.00)	11.70 (8.60, 16.73)	11.10 (8.30, 17.00)	1.97	0.37
Cholesterol	5.25 (4.26, 6.90)	5.26 (4.26, 6.90)	5.33 (4.30, 6.59)	5.16 (4.12, 7.50)	0.06	0.96
Prothrombin time	12.10 (11.60, 12.50)	12.00 (11.60, 12.50)	12.20 (11.60, 12.50)	12.20 (11.70, 12.60)	0.69	0.70
Prothrombin time activity	100.00 (100.00, 125.00)	100.00 (100.00, 128.50)	100.00 (100.00, 112.00)	100.00 (100.00, 132.00)	2.09	0.35
International normalized ratio	1.00 (0.94, 1.00)	1.00 (0.96, 1.00)	1.00 (0.94, 1.00)	1.00 (0.94, 1.00)	0.05	0.97
TIN	79 (25.82)	40 (27.97)	11 (17.74)	28 (27.72)	2.65	0.26
TIE	227 (74.18)	103 (72.03)	51 (82.26)	73 (72.28)	2.65	0.26
NLR > 3	140 (45.75)	65 (45.45)	28 (45.16)	47 (46.53)	0.04	0.98
NLR ≤ 3	166 (54.25)	78 (54.55)	34 (54.84)	54 (53.47)	0.04	0.98
ΔT non-increasement	136 (44.44)	65 (45.45)	22 (35.48)	49 (48.51)	2.75	0.25
ΔT increasement	170 (55.56)	78 (54.55)	40 (64.52)	52 (51.49)	2.75	0.25
ΔP non-increasement	245 (80.07)	114 (79.72)	51 (82.26)	80 (79.21)	0.24	0.88
ΔP increasement	61 (19.93)	29 (20.28)	11 (17.74)	21 (20.79)	0.24	0.88
ECOG (0)	213 (69.61)	95 (66.43)	42 (67.74)	76 (75.25)	2.3	0.31
ECOG (1)	93 (30.39)	48 (33.57)	20 (32.26)	25 (24.75)	2.3	0.31
Male	268 (87.58)	125 (87.41)	55 (88.71)	88 (87.13)	0.1	0.95
Female	38 (12.42)	18 (12.59)	7 (11.29)	13 (12.87)	0.1	0.95
Uneven echo	108 (35.29)	57 (39.86)	19 (30.65)	32 (31.68)	2.47	0.29
Homogeneous echo	198 (64.71)	86 (60.14)	43 (69.35)	69 (68.32)	2.47	0.29
Smooth envelope	37 (12.09)	19 (13.29)	5 (8.06)	13 (12.87)	1.2	0.54
Rough envelope	269 (87.91)	124 (86.71)	57 (91.94)	88 (87.13)	1.2	0.54
Drinking history (Yes)	78 (25.49)	40 (27.97)	10 (16.13)	28 (27.72)	3.59	0.16
Drinking history (No)	228 (74.51)	103 (72.03)	52 (83.87)	73 (72.28)	3.59	0.16
AFP > 100 ng/mL	195 (63.73)	89 (62.24)	38 (61.29)	68 (67.33)	0.86	0.64
AFP ≤ 100 ng/mL	111 (36.27)	54 (37.76)	24 (38.71)	33 (32.67)	0.86	0.64
CRP > 1 mg/dL	176 (57.52)	86 (60.14)	33 (53.23)	57 (56.44)	0.92	0.63
CRP ≤ 1 mg/dL	130 (42.48)	57 (39.86)	29 (46.77)	44 (43.56)	0.92	0.63
Rough gallbladder	213 (69.61)	95 (66.43)	42 (67.74)	76 (75.25)	2.3	0.31
Smooth gallbladder	93 (30.39)	48 (33.57)	20 (32.26)	25 (24.75)	2.3	0.31
Macrovascular invasion (Yes)	192 (62.75)	85 (59.44)	39 (62.90)	68 (67.33)	1.58	0.45
Macrovascular invasion (No)	114 (37.25)	58 (40.56)	23 (37.10)	33 (32.67)	1.58	0.45
Viral infection (Yes)	269 (87.91)	124 (86.71)	59 (95.16)	86 (85.15)	3.98	0.13
Viral infection (No)	37 (12.09)	19 (13.29)	3 (4.84)	15 (14.85)	3.98	0.13
TNM (IIIA)	46 (15.03)	21 (14.69)	8 (12.90)	17 (16.83)	8.79	0.18
TNM (IIIB)	61 (19.93)	23 (16.08)	12 (19.35)	26 (25.74)	8.79	0.18
TNM (IIIC)	92 (30.07)	47 (32.87)	24 (38.71)	21 (20.79)	8.79	0.18
TNM (IV)	107 (34.97)	52 (36.36)	18 (29.03)	37 (36.63)	8.79	0.18
BCLC (B)	61 (19.93)	28 (19.58)	10 (16.13)	23 (22.77)	1.67	0.79
BCLC (C)	153 (50.00)	69 (48.25)	34 (54.84)	50 (49.50)	1.67	0.79
BCLC (D)	92 (30.07)	46 (32.17)	18 (29.03)	28 (27.72)	1.67	0.79
CNLC (II)	61 (19.93)	35 (24.48)	10 (16.13)	16 (15.84)	4.75	0.31
CNLC (III)	183 (59.80)	81 (56.64)	36 (58.06)	66 (65.35)	4.75	0.31
CNLC (IV)	62 (20.26)	27 (18.88)	16 (25.81)	19 (18.81)	4.75	0.31
HKLC (II)	62 (20.26)	27 (18.88)	12 (19.35)	23 (22.77)	3.59	0.73
HKLC (III)	92 (30.07)	43 (30.07)	15 (24.19)	34 (33.66)	3.59	0.73
HKLC (IV)	122 (39.87)	57 (39.86)	28 (45.16)	37 (36.63)	3.59	0.73
HKLC (V)	30 (9.80)	16 (11.19)	7 (11.29)	7 (6.93)	3.59	0.73
CRAFITY (0)	48 (15.69)	23 (16.08)	12 (19.35)	13 (12.87)	1.63	0.80
CRAFITY (1)	145 (47.39)	65 (45.45)	29 (46.77)	51 (50.50)	1.63	0.80
CRAFITY (2)	113 (36.93)	55 (38.46)	21 (33.87)	37 (36.63)	1.63	0.80

PV: Portal vein width; BMI: Body mass index; WBC: White blood cell; PLT: Platelet count; TIN: Target and immunotherapy noneffective; TIE: Target and immunotherapy effective; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CNLC: China Liver Cancer; HKLC: Hong Kong Liver Cancer; CRAFITY: C-reactive protein and alpha-fetoprotein in immunotherapy; ΔT: The difference in stiffness of the tumor six weeks after treatment minus the stiffness before treatment; ΔP: The difference in stiffness of the surrounding tissue six weeks after treatment minus the stiffness before treatment.