Novel tumor marker index combining carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9: New prognostic factor for metastatic colorectal cancer

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival

Variable	Univariate analyses	P value	Multivariate analyses	P value
	Median OS (95%CI), month		HR (95%CI)
Age
≤ 65 years	42.4 (33.7-51.0)	0.09
> 65 years	32.0 (22.2-41.7)
Gender
Female	41.9 (31.9-52.0)	0.17
Male	36.5 (27.8-45.1)
ECOG-PS
0	47.5 (32.2-62.7)	< 0.001a	Ref
1	36.7 (28.4-45.0)		1.31 (0.88-1.97)	0.18
2	18.2 (13.7-22.7)		3.52 (2.00-6.22)	< 0.001a
3	19.6 (16.2-23.0)		1.56 (0.53-4.51)	0.41
BMI
≤ 25 kg/m2	32.4 (24.5-40.3)	0.09
> 25 kg/m2	47.1 (37.0-57.0)
Smoking history
No	42.4 (33.8-51.1)	0.13
Yes	30.1 (20.8-39.4)
Disease status
De novo metastatic	38.7 (30.7-46.6)	0.24
Recurrent metastatic	36.5 (19.8-53.2)
History of adjuvant CT
No	32.3 (23.1-41.6)	0.06
Yes	43.5 (30.0-57.0)
Liver metastasis
No	35.7 (28.3-43.0)	0.78
Yes	39.9 (29.1-50.5)
Lung metastasis
No	40.2 (32.8-47.4)	0.42
Yes	32.3 (23.2-41.5)
Bone metastasis
No	40.0 (32.7-47.3)	0.26
Yes	31.9 (18.5-45.2)
Peritoneal metastasis
No	38.6 (30.0-47.3)	0.83
Yes	38.3 (29.2-47.4)
Number of metastatic site
1	40.1 (32.3-48.1)	0.09
2	43.5 (32.0-55.0)
3	22.9 (13.2-32.5)
4 and more	27.7 (15.6-39.8)
Isolated liver metastasis
No	35.7 (28.8-42.6)	0.22
Yes	45.3 (37.6-53.0)
History of metastasectomy
No	32.0 (25.0-38.9)	0.02a	Ref
Yes	50.4 (39.1-61.7)		0.92 (0.59-1.43)	0.72
Tumor location
Right side colon cancer	31.9 (17.1-46.6)	0.29
Left side colon cancer	45.2 (30.6-59.8)
Rectum cancer	38.3 (28.7-47.9)
KRAS
Wild	30.3 (22.2-38.4)	0.05
Mutant	47.1 (35.6-58.6)
Unknown	48.3 (33.8-62.8)
NRAS
Wild	32.4 (25.4-39.3)	0.004a	Ref
Mutant	59.9 (-)		0.50 (0.22-1.10)	0.09
Unknown	56.6 (44.3-68.8)		0.54 (0.29-1.02)	0.06
BRAF
Wild	38.7 (30.4-46.9)	0.06
Mutant	19.6 (5.2-33.9)
Unknown	43.0 (25.8-60.2)
MSI status
Microsatellite stable	39.8 (31.5-48.0)	0.79
MSI-high	45.6 (0.0-91.9)
Unknown	35.7 (24.8-46.6)
Best treatment response
CR	- (-)	< 0.001a	Ref
PR	45.3 (35.5-55.1)		5.19 (1.60-16.80)	0.006a
SD	36.7 (24.7-48.7)		6.29 (1.92-20.59)	0.002a
PD	20.9 (17.7-24.2)		15.73 (4.71-20.59)	< 0.001a
GPS
0	43.5 (34.2-52.8)	0.006a	Ref
1	28.7 (21.2-36.2)		1.37 (0.94-1.99)	0.10
2	59.9 (9.9-109.9)		0.69 (0.37-1.27)	0.24
NLR
< 2.76	45.3 (35.0-55.6)	0.005a	Ref
≥ 2.76	29.4 (24.8-33.9)		1.46 (1.03-2.08)	0.03a
TMI
< 1.39	45.6 (32.4-58.8)	0.02a	Ref
≥ 1.39	29.5 (24.3-34.5)		1.43 (0.99-2.06)	0.049a

^aP < 0.05.

OS: Overall survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; BMI: Body mass index; CT: Chemotherapy; MSI: Microsatellite instability; CR: Complete response; PR: Partial remission; SD: Stable disease; PD: Progressive disease; GPS: Glasgow prognostic score; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; TMI: Tumor marker index.