Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2025; 17(5): 104341
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.104341
Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to tumor marker index groups, n (%)

Total (n = 305)
TMI-low (n = 151)
TMI-high (n = 154)
P value
Age, mean ± SD64.5 ± 12.464.1 ± 12.864.9 ± 12.00.56a
    ≤ 65 years150 (49.2)76 (50.3)74 (48.1)0.69b
    > 65 years155 (50.8)75 (49.7)80 (51.9)
Sex
    Female113 (37.0)58 (38.4)55 (35.7)0.63b
    Male192 (63.0)93 (61.6)99 (64.3)
ECOG-PS
    0108 (35.4)54 (35.8)54 (35.1)0.18c
    1156 (51.1)83 (55)73 (47.4)
    236 (11.8)12 (7.9)24 (15.6)
    35 (1.6)2 (1.3)3 (1.9)
BMI
    ≤ 25 kg/m2201 (65.9)109 (72.2)92 (59.7)0.02b
    > 25 kg/m2104 (34.1)42 (27.8)62 (40.3)
Smoking history
    No172 (56.4)81 (53.6)91 (59.1)0.34b
    Yes133 (43.6)70 (46.4)63 (40.9)
Alcohol using
    No280 (91.8)138 (91.4)142 (92.2)0.79b
    Yes25 (8.2)13 (8.6)12 (7.8)
DM
    No244 (80.0)123 (81.5)121 (78.6)0.53b
    Yes61 (20.0)28 (18.5)33 (21.4)
HT
    No199 (65.2)102 (67.5)97 (63)0.40b
    Yes106 (34.8)49 (32.5)57 (37)
CAD
    No265 (86.9)132 (87.4)133 (86.4)0.78b
    Yes40 (13.1)19 (12.6)21 (13.6)
Disease status
    De-novo metastatic209 (68.5)96 (63.6)113 (73.4)0.06b
    Recurrent metastatic96 (31.5)55 (36.4)41 (26.6)
History of adjuvant CT
    No206 (67.5)94 (62.3)112 (72.7)0.05b
    Yes99 (32.5)57 (37.7)42 (27.3)
Liver metastasis
    No92 (31.2)56 (37.1)36 (23.4)0.01b
    Yes213 (69.8)95 (62.9)118 (76.6)
Lung metastasis
    No201 (65.9)104 (68.9)97 (63)0.28b
    Yes104 (34.1)47 (31.1)57 (37)
Bone metastasis
    No281 (92.1)142 (94)139 (90.3)0.22b
    Yes24 (7.9)9 (6)15 (9.7)
Peritoneal metastasis
    No233 (76.4)106 (70.2)127 (82.5)0.01b
    Yes72 (23.6)45 (29.8)27 (17.5)
Number of metastatic site
    1157 (51.5)80 (53)77 (50)0.35b
    291 (29.8)48 (31.8)43 (27.9)
    338 (12.5)17 (11.3)21 (13.6)
    4 or more19 (6.2)6 (4)13 (8.4)
Isolated liver metastasis
    No207 (67.9)106 (70.2)101 (65.6)0.39b
    Yes98 (32.1)45 (29.8)53 (34.4)
History of metastasectomy
    No242 (79.3)110 (72.8)132 (85.7)0.006b
    Yes63 (20.7)41 (27.2)22 (14.3)
Tumor location
    Right side colon cancer65 (21.3)27 (17.9)38 (24.7)0.29b
    Left side colon cancer140 (45.9)70 (46.4)70 (45.5)
    Rectum cancer100 (32.8)54 (35.8)46 (29.9)
KRAS
    Wild182 (59.7)98 (64.9)84 (54.5)0.02b
    Mutant93 (30.5)35 (23.2)58 (37.7)
    Unknown30 (9.8)18 (11.9)12 (7.8)
NRAS
    Wild236 (77.4)114 (75.5)122 (79.2)0.26b
    Mutant20 (6.6)8 (5.3)12 (7.8)
    Unknown49 (16.1)29 (19.2)20 (13)
BRAF
    Wild241 (79.0)118 (78.1)123 (79.9)0.79b
    Mutant10 (3.3)6 (4)4 (2.6)
    Unknown54 (17.7)27 (17.9)27 (17.5)
MSI status
    Microsatellite stable183 (60.0)85 (56.3)98 (63.6)0.42b
    MSI-high11 (3.6)6 (4)5 (3.2)
    Unknown111 (36.4)60 (39.7)51 (33.1)
Metastatic line(s) of CT
    1120 (40.0)61 (40.9)59 (39.1)0.66b
    287 (29.0)46 (30.9)41 (27.2)
    341 (13.7)17 (11.4)24 (15.9)
    4 and more52 (17.3)25 (16.8)27 (17.9)
Using immunotherapy
    No302 (99.0)150 (99.3)152 (98.7)0.99c
    Yes3 (1.0)1 (0.7)2 (1.3)
GPS
    0134 (43.9)78 (51.7)56 (36.4)0.03b
    1132 (43.3)57 (37.7)75 (48.7)
    239 (12.8)16 (10.6)23 (14.9)
NLR, mean ± SD3.45 ± 2.553.15 ± 1.983.76 ± 2.980.04c