©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2025; 17(5): 102459
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.102459
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.102459
Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts, n (%)
| Variables | Total cohort (n = 1662) | Training cohort (n = 1163) | Validation cohort (n = 499) | P value |
| Age (yeas) | 0.281 | |||
| < 60 | 445 (26.77) | 313 (26.91) | 132 (26.45) | |
| 60-75 | 838 (50.42) | 597 (51.33) | 241 (48.30) | |
| > 75 | 379 (22.80) | 253 (21.75) | 126 (25.25) | |
| Sex | 0.062 | |||
| Female | 803 (48.32) | 544 (46.78) | 259 (51.90) | |
| Male | 859 (51.68) | 619 (53.22) | 240 (48.10) | |
| Race | 0.191 | |||
| White | 1326 (79.78) | 937 (80.57) | 389 (77.96) | |
| Black | 172 (10.35) | 110 (9.46) | 62 (12.42) | |
| Other | 164 (9.87) | 116 (9.97) | 48 (9.62) | |
| Marital status | 0.935 | |||
| Married | 895 (53.85) | 630 (54.17) | 265 (53.11) | |
| Unmarried | 273 (16.43) | 189 (16.25) | 84 (16.83) | |
| Divorced | 429 (25.81) | 297 (25.54) | 132 (26.45) | |
| Unknown | 65 (3.91) | 47 (4.04) | 18 (3.61) | |
| Tumor location | 0.806 | |||
| Head | 621 (37.36) | 426 (36.63) | 195 (39.08) | |
| Body | 258 (15.52) | 182 (15.65) | 76 (15.23) | |
| Tail | 334 (20.10) | 235 (20.21) | 99 (19.84) | |
| Other | 449 (27.02) | 320 (27.52) | 129 (25.85) | |
| T stage | 0.174 | |||
| T1/T2 | 411 (24.73) | 303 (26.05) | 108 (21.64) | |
| T3 | 575 (34.60) | 386 (33.19) | 189 (37.88) | |
| T4 | 337 (20.28) | 236 (20.29) | 101 (20.24) | |
| TX | 339 (20.40) | 238 (20.46) | 101 (20.24) | |
| N stage | 0.833 | |||
| N0 | 781 (46.99) | 547 (47.03) | 234 (46.89) | |
| N1 | 599 (36.04) | 415 (35.68) | 184 (36.87) | |
| NX | 282 (16.97) | 201 (17.28) | 81 (16.23) | |
| Grade | 0.701 | |||
| Grade I/II | 296 (17.81) | 204 (17.54) | 92 (18.44) | |
| Grade III/IV | 292 (17.57) | 200 (17.20) | 92 (18.44) | |
| Unknown | 1074 (64.62) | 759 (65.26) | 315 (63.13) | |
| Surgery | 0.672 | |||
| No | 1482 (89.17) | 1040 (89.42) | 442 (88.58) | |
| Yes | 180 (10.83) | 123 (10.58) | 57 (11.42) | |
| Chemotherapy | 0.706 | |||
| No | 686 (41.28) | 484 (41.62) | 202 (40.48) | |
| Yes | 976 (58.72) | 679 (58.38) | 297 (59.52) | |
| Radiotherapy | 0.822 | |||
| No | 1557 (93.68) | 1088 (93.55) | 469 (93.99) | |
| Yes | 105 (6.32) | 75 (6.45) | 30 (6.01) | |
| Bone metastasis | 0.172 | |||
| No | 1549 (93.20) | 1077 (92.61) | 472 (94.59) | |
| Yes | 113 (6.80) | 86 (7.39) | 27 (5.41) | |
| Liver metastasis | 0.384 | |||
| No | 615 (37.00) | 422 (36.29) | 193 (38.68) | |
| Yes | 1047 (63.00) | 741 (63.71) | 306 (61.32) | |
| Lung metastasis | 0.462 | |||
| No | 1278 (76.90) | 888 (76.35) | 390 (78.16) | |
| Yes | 384 (23.10) | 275 (23.65) | 109 (21.84) | |
- Citation: Huang K, Chen Z, Yuan XZ, He YS, Lan X, Du CY. Development and validation of machine learning nomograms for predicting survival in stage IV pancreatic cancer: A retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(5): 102459
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i5/102459.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.102459